Toxicity of contaminated sediments in dilution series with control sediments

Nelson, M.K.; Landrum, Peter F.; Burton, G.A.; Klaine, Stephen J.; Crecelius, E.A.; Byl, Tom; Gossiaux, Duane C.; Tsymbal, Vladimir N.; Cleveland, Laverne; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Sasson-Brickson, Gemini

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(93)90158-2

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For testing natural sediments it may be necessary to make dilutions. Depending on the diluents, this may result in unexpected effects as U-shaped dose-response curves (Nelson et al, 1993). In the current system spiked sediments were diluted in control sediments of the same quality and dose-response curves for all substances could be approximated to a sigmoidal dose-response function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elutriate fractions were originally used to mimic the open water disposal of dredged material (ASTM, 1991); they have also been used to determine the toxicity of contaminated sediments (Ahlf and Wild-Metzko, 1991;Dermuth et al, 1993). Although whole sediment exposures seem to be the most realistic laboratory simulation of in situ exposure, extracts or porewater have been often used to circumvent problems which occur, when sediment has to be diluted for the characterization of toxicity (Dutka and Kwan, 1988;Nelson et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evidence from Whole-Sediment, Porewater, and Elutriate Testing in Toxicity Assessment of Contaminated Sediments

Liss

Ahlf

1997

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence from Whole-Sediment, Porewater, and Elutriate Testing in Toxicity Assessment of Contaminated Sediments

Liss

Ahlf

1997

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Other modes of exposure are sediment slurries and sediment dilution series (e .g . Meador et al ., 1990 ;Casillas et al ., 1992 ;Nelson et al ., 1993) . Exposure of test organisms to sediment in suspension (e .g.…”

Section: Critical Test Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity analysis of freshwater and marine sediments with meio- and macrobenthic organisms: a review

Traunspurger

Drews

1996

Hydrobiologia

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Benthic metazoans play a key role as test organisms in toxicity analyses of aquatic ecosystems . This report gives an overview of the species of benthic metazoans used for the assessment of toxicity in freshwater and marine sediments, as well as of the criteria relevant to the choice between test species and procedures . The main applications of these organisms are mono-species bioassays, test-batteries, analyses of benthic communities and bioaccumulation studies . Sediment toxicity assays, including acute and chronic exposures, have been developed for nematodes, insects, oligochaetes, polychaetes, crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms . At least 30 species of freshwater and 71 species of marine and estuarine benthic metazoans have thus far been used in sediment toxicity bioassays . Although aquatic pollution is a world-wide problem, most sediment toxicity bioassays have been developed for organisms native to Europe and North America . The most common bioassay endpoints are mortality, development, growth and behavioural responses . The value of genetic, biochemical, physiological and pathological responses as toxicity endpoints is currently being investigated . The quest for additional test species and protocols is still a worthwhile endeavour in sediment ecotoxicology . Abstract 215Introduction 215

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“…This has proven to be quite difficult, with nonlinear responses frequently resulting no matter which dilution method is used (Nelson et al, 1993). This is likely due to the disruption of contaminant partitioning to sediments and colloidal materials with the introduction of the clean diluent (whether it is water or sediment).…”

Section: Sediment Quality: Toxicity Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have attempted to determine dose-response relationships of contaminants either with field collected contaminated samples or through spiking (dosing) at multiple concentrations (Giesy et al, 1988;Nelson et al, 1993). This has proven to be quite difficult, with nonlinear responses frequently resulting no matter which dilution method is used (Nelson et al, 1993).…”

Section: Sediment Quality: Toxicity Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Traditional and Novel Toxicity Test Methods in Assessing Stormwater and Sediment Contamination

Burton

Pitt

Clark

2000

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Abstract:Traditional effluent and ambient water column toxicity tests have been used widely for evaluating the contamination of stormwaters and sediments. These assays consist of a routine bioassay exposure design of 1 to 9 days using freshwater and marine/estuarine species known to be sensitive to a wide range of toxicants. While effluent toxicity may be indicative of sediment or stormwater toxicity in the receiving system, the exposure is different, and therefore toxicity cannot be readily predicted. Traditional, standardized, whole effluent toxicity (WET) test methods have been used effectively and also misused in evaluations of whole sediments, pore (interstitial) water, elutriates (extracts), and stormwaters. Results show these methods to be very sensitive to sediment and stormwater toxicity. These traditional toxicity tests are predictive of instream sediment or stormwater effects where significant contamination exists or where exposure concentrations are similar. Modifications of these standardized test methods to include sediments or pore waters have been shown to be as sensitive as short-term, whole sediment toxicity tests using benthic species. However, the added complexity of sediments and stormwaters (e.g., partitioning, high Kow compound bioavailability, suspended solids, sporadic exposures, multiple exposure pathways) dictates that traditional toxicity test applications be integrated into a more comprehensive assessment of ecologically significant stressors. The limitations of the WET testing approach and optimized sample collection and exposure alternatives are frequently ignored when implemented. Exposure to sporadic pulses of contaminants (such as in stormwaters) often produce greater toxicity than exposure to constant concentrations. Lethality from short-term pulse exposures may not occur for weeks after the high flow event due to uptake dynamics. Pore water and elutriate exposures remove sediment ingestion routes of exposure and alter natural sorption/desorption dynamics. Traditional toxicity tests may not produce reliable conclusions when used to detect the adverse effects of: fluctuating stressor exposures, nutrients, suspended solids, temperature, UV light, flow, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, endocrine disruption, or other important subcellular responses. This reality and the fact that ecologically significant levels of high K ow compounds may not produce short-term responses in exposures dictates that additional and novel assessment tools be utilized in order to protect aquatic ecosystems. This inablilty to predict effects is largely a result of the complex biological response patterns that result from various combinations of stressor magnitudes, duration, and frequency between exposures and also the interactions of stressor mixtures, such as syngergistic effects of certain pesticides, metals, and temperature. In watersheds receiving multiple sources of stressors, accurate assessments should define spatial-temporal profiles of exposure and effects using a range * Correspon...

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Toxicity of contaminated sediments in dilution series with control sediments

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Evidence from Whole-Sediment, Porewater, and Elutriate Testing in Toxicity Assessment of Contaminated Sediments

Evidence from Whole-Sediment, Porewater, and Elutriate Testing in Toxicity Assessment of Contaminated Sediments

Toxicity analysis of freshwater and marine sediments with meio- and macrobenthic organisms: a review

The Role of Traditional and Novel Toxicity Test Methods in Assessing Stormwater and Sediment Contamination

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