Toxicity of Carbaryl-Contaminated Pollen Collected by Honey Bees
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Johansen, Carl; Brown, Fred

doi:10.1093/ee/1.3.385

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Various outdoors experiments such as open Þeld and pollen collected within hives (Dahl and Lowell 1984) or semi Þeld experimental set up to assess pesticide formula- tion toxicity (Kevan et al 1984) have revealed high carbaryl residues in pollen. Johansen and Brown (1972) detected carbaryl residues in maize, Zea mays L., pollen collected within hive with a content of 600 g/kg. This content apparently led to high colony mortalities in the state of Washington (Johansen and Brown 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Johansen and Brown (1972) detected carbaryl residues in maize, Zea mays L., pollen collected within hive with a content of 600 g/kg. This content apparently led to high colony mortalities in the state of Washington (Johansen and Brown 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For experimental purposes, pollen loads collected from traps set on honey bee colonies have occasionally been used to monitor environmental pollution: radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl accident (Barisic et al 1994) or new insecticide uses for particular crops, such as sweet corn (Erickson et al 1997) or oilseed rape (Kevan et al 1984, Fries andWibran 1987). Pollen also has often been analyzed for the presence of pesticide residues in bee mortalities (Johansen and Brown 1972, Waller et al 1984, Kubik et al 1999. Samples were either collected with the aid of pollen traps or more often by hand, directly from ßowers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Survey of Pesticide Residues in Pollen Loads Collected by Honey Bees in France

Chauzat

Faucon

Martel

et al. 2006

Journal of Economic Entomology

232

132

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In 2002, a field survey was initiated on French apiaries to monitor weakness of honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies. Apiaries were evenly distributed in five sites located on continental France. Five colonies were randomly selected in each apiary, leading to a total of 125 studied honey bee colonies. For 3 yr (starting in autumn 2002), colonies were visited four times per year: after winter, before summer, during summer, and before winter. Pollen loads from traps were collected at each visit. Multiresidue analyses were performed in pollen to search residues of 36 different molecules. Specific analyses were conducted to search fipronil and metabolites and also imidacloprid and metabolites. Residues of 19 searched compounds were found in samples. Contamination by pesticides ranged from 50 to 0%. Coumaphos and tau-fluvalinate residues were the most concentrated of all residues (mean concentrations were 925.0 and 487.2 microg/kg, respectively). Fipronil and metabolite contents were superior to the limit of detection in 16 samples. Residues of fipronil were found in 10 samples. Nine samples contained the sulfone compound, and three samples contained the desulfinyl compound. Residues of imidacloprid and 6-chloronicotinic acid were found in 69% of samples. Imidacloprid contents were quantified in 11 samples with values ranging from 1.1 to 5.7 microg/kg. 6-Chloronicotinic acid content was superior to the limit of quantification in 28 samples with values ranging from 0.6 to 9.3 microg/kg. Statistical tests showed no difference between places of sampling with the exception of fipronil. Possible origins of these contaminations, concentration and toxicity of pesticides, and the possible consequences for bees are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey of Pesticide Residues in Pollen Loads Collected by Honey Bees in France

Chauzat

Faucon

Martel

et al. 2006

Journal of Economic Entomology

232

132

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“…North American agricultural products valued at some $ 20 billion (U.S.) depend in some way on the honey bee (Levin, 1984;Winston and Scott, 1984). Pesticide use has also become an essential part of modern agriculture, and the honey bee is susceptible to many commonly used chemicals (Anderson and Atkins, 1968;Atkins, 1975;Johansen, 1977Johansen, , 1979Johansen, , 1983 (Stoner et al, 1985), carbaryl (Winterlin and Walker, 1973), dimethoate Waller et al, 1979;Barker et al, 1980;Stoner et al, 1983) and carbofuran (Stoner et al, 1982) to whole colonies reduced honey production, brood rearing and worker population size. Sublethal topical treatments to individual workers resulted in impairment in the dance language with methyl-parathion (Schricker and Stephen, 1970), reduced lifespan with malathion or diazinon (Smirle et al, 1984;MacKenzie, 1986); and altered foraging patterns with diazinon (MacKenzie, 1986) and permethrin (Cox and Wilson, 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of sublethal exposure to diazinon, carbaryl and resmethrin on longevity and foraging in Apis mellifera L

MacKenzie¹,

Winston²

1989

Apidologie

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Summary — Topical, sublethal applications of three insecticides, diazinon, carbaryl and resmethrin, were given to worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) of two age groups, 0 and 14 days. For newly emerged workers, carbaryl was the most hazardous in sublethal amounts, adversely affecting both longevity and foraging age. Resmethrin was intermediate in effect, and diazinon the least hazardous. This is different from mortality studies in which the effects of carbaryl and diazinon were similar, and resmethrin the most toxic. For 14-day-old workers, there were only two statistically significant differences affecting foraging in the sublethal studies, and these were not conclusive. However, in mortality studies carbaryl was the least toxic, diazinon intermediate and resmethrin the most toxic pesticide.Newly emerged worker honey bees were more sensitive to pesticide exposure, in both acute and sublethal effects, than older workers. In order to evaluate pesticide hazards to the honey bee, both laboratory and field tests should be used. A field bioassay involving sublethal exposure effects on longevity and foraging may be useful in this regard.

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“…Methyl parathion (Anderson and Glowa 1984) was the most common pesticide found in honey bee samples that were located at or near orchards. Johansen and Brown (1972) reported that carbaryl on pollen grains can remain toxic to honey bees for 10 wk. Concentrations of 0.6 ppm carbaryl on corn pollen grains resulted in 36% mortality of honey bees within 72 h compared to the nontreated control, which had 8% natural mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Clover (Trifolium repens) Control and Flower Head Suppression in Apple Orchards

et al. 2005

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White clover is a weed in apple orchards that competes with the crop; also, flowers of this weed are unwanted attractants of honey bees at times when insecticides, which are harmful to these pollinators, are being applied. In 1997 and 1998, white clover flower head and plant control by clopyralid alone and with 2,4-D and apple tolerance to these herbicides were determined. Treatments consisted of clopyralid at 0.10 and 0.21 kg ae/ha, 2,4-D at 1.1 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D at 1.1 kg ae/ha plus 0.03 or 0.05 kg ae/ha clopyralid, which were applied 2 wk before full apple bloom and 2 wk after full apple bloom, and a nontreated check. No crop injury occurred with any treatment. All herbicide treatments provided some white clover control and flower head suppression. No differences in white clover bloom reduction were observed through May among treatments containing clopyralid. As summer progressed, the effect of clopyralid rate became more apparent. Clopyralid at 0.21, regardless of application time, provided 99% vegetative control and 100% flower head reduction through July. Clopyralid plus 2,4-D controlled white clover better than 2,4-D alone. However, vegetative control and flower head reduction with clopyralid at reduced rates (0.03 or 0.05 kg ae/ha) plus 2,4-D were not acceptable (76% or less and 78% or less, respectively). Thus, clopyralid at 0.10 and 0.21 kg ae/ha will be necessary for acceptable white clover vegetation control and flower head reduction.

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Toxicity of Carbaryl-Contaminated Pollen Collected by Honey Bees 1 , 2

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

A Survey of Pesticide Residues in Pollen Loads Collected by Honey Bees in France

A Survey of Pesticide Residues in Pollen Loads Collected by Honey Bees in France

The effects of sublethal exposure to diazinon, carbaryl and resmethrin on longevity and foraging in Apis mellifera L

White Clover (Trifolium repens) Control and Flower Head Suppression in Apple Orchards

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