Toxicity of Cadmium, Lead, Mercury and Methyl Parathion on Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg 1832 (Rotifera: Monogononta)

Arias-Almeida, Juan Carlos; Rico‐Martínez, Roberto

doi:10.1007/s00128-011-0308-x

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The monogonont rotifer Euchlanis dilatata was considerably more sensitive to these metals in a 48 h acute tests than our Philodina sp. The LC50s for cadmium were 14.8 µg/L, 122 for mercury, and 35.3 µg/L for lead . These LC50s are 352‐fold, 16‐fold, and 55‐fold lower than what we have found for our Philodina sp.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…The LC50s for cadmium were 14.8 mg/L, 122 for mercury, and 35.3 mg/L for lead. 38 These LC50s are 352-fold, 16-fold, and 55-fold lower than what we have found for our Philodina sp. Likewise, Brachionus calyciflorus was more sensitive to copper (17.1-fold), cadmium (fourfold), mercury (33-fold), and twofold less sensitive to lead than Philodina sp.…”

Section: Calycifloruscontrasting

confidence: 52%

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Freshwater toxicity testing using rehydratedPhilodinasp. (Rotifera) as test animals

Snell

Johnston

Matthews

2017

Environmental Toxicology

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Rotifers have become widely used in aquatic toxicology as a rapid screening test for toxicity. The commercial availability of diapausing embryos (cysts) have facilitated their popularity because test animals can be obtained without having to master the details of culturing. Other rotifer species have life stages capable of surviving desiccation and also could be used in non-culture systems for toxicity assessment. In this article, we describe a system for toxicity testing in freshwater based on rehydrating desiccated bdelloid rotifers in the genus Philodina. These animals can remain in this anhydrobiotic state for more than one year and then rehydrate within hours to provide animals for toxicity tests. We describe three endpoints: a 1.5 h ingestion test, a 24 h mortality test, and a five day reproductive test. The latter test requires feeding and a method using a dried commercial product is explained. Using desiccated rotifers and dried food in toxicity tests make this system especially attractive because of its flexibility and low threshold of biological expertise required to execute the tests. The use of the Philodina toxicity test is illustrated with four metals: copper, lead, mercury and cadmium. Reproduction generally was the most sensitive endpoint, with EC50s of 0.33, 0.44, 0.60, and 0.12 mg/L, respectively. Ingestion was a close second with EC50s of 0.13, 1.64, 0.64, and 6.26 mg/L, respectively.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Calycifloruscontrasting

confidence: 52%

Freshwater toxicity testing using rehydratedPhilodinasp. (Rotifera) as test animals

Snell

Johnston

Matthews

2017

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Development of non‐brachionid rotifers for toxicity testing has been motivated by the desire to have test animals that are ecologically relevant for sediment toxicity assessment . Rotifer species that spend most of their life cycle in the benthos and have been used to assess sediment toxicity include Euchlanis dilatata, Lecane quadridentata, Lecane inermis, and Philodina rapida . All of these efforts have exposed active adult rotifers to waterborne toxicants and measured endpoints like mortality, swimming, enzyme activity, and reproduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Proales similis (Rotifera) for toxicity assessment in marine waters

Snell

Johnston

Matthews

et al. 2019

Environmental Toxicology

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There is a need to develop more animal species for assessing toxicity in marine environments. Cyst‐based toxicity tests using invertebrates are especially fast, technically simple, cost‐effective, and sensitive to a variety of toxicants. Over the past 30 years, a variety of toxicity endpoints have been measured using the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis hatched from cysts, including mortality, reproduction, ingestion, swimming, enzyme activity, and gene expression. A consensus has developed that the most ecologically relevant toxicity measurements should be made using more than one species. Furthermore, it has been noted that the rotifer species toxicant sensitivity distribution is much broader than which endpoint is measured. This implies that toxicity should be measured with the simplest, fastest, least expensive test available on as many species as feasible. If a battery of test species is to be used to estimate toxicity, diapause egg‐based toxicity tests that do not require culturing of test animals will be key. In this paper, we describe how diapause eggs of a new marine rotifer, Proales similis, can be produced, stored and hatched under controlled conditions to produce animals for toxicity tests. Methods are described for quantifying the toxicity of copper, mercury and cadmium based on mortality, ingestion, reproduction, and diapause egg hatching endpoints. We found that reproduction and ingestion endpoints were generally more sensitive to the metals than mortality or diapause egg hatching. When the copper sensitivity of P. similis was compared to Brachionus manjavacas and B. plicatilis using an ingestion test, similar EC50s were observed. In contrast, the B. rotundiformis ingestion EC50 for copper was about 4× more sensitive. Although diapause egg hatching was not the most sensitive endpoint, it is the most ecologically relevant for assessing sediment toxicity. Our discovery of diapausing eggs in the P. similis life cycle has created a conundrum. We have not observed males or sex in P. similis populations, which is a direct contradiction to the orthodox view of the monogonont rotifer life cycle. Work is needed to clarify how diapause egg production is accomplished by P. similis and whether sexual reproduction is involved.

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“…One example is given by Preston et al [138], where a decrease in LC50 values for PCP and mercury using B. calyciflorus as bioindicator was recorded as UV-B exposure time was increased. In the case of inorganic toxicants (Table 3), lead appears as the "less" toxic and with the wider toxicity range from 0.035 for E. dilatata to 56.2 mg/L for Philodina acuticornis [97,140]. For cadmium, E. dilatata shows a great sensitivity with a 48h LC50 of 0.014 mg/L, while B. plicatilis is more resistant (39 mg/L) [97,141].…”

Section: Rotifer Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of inorganic toxicants (Table 3), lead appears as the "less" toxic and with the wider toxicity range from 0.035 for E. dilatata to 56.2 mg/L for Philodina acuticornis [97,140]. For cadmium, E. dilatata shows a great sensitivity with a 48h LC50 of 0.014 mg/L, while B. plicatilis is more resistant (39 mg/L) [97,141]. The most sensitive rotifer to chromium was Lecane luna (48-h LC50 of 3.26 mg/L) [95], and the highest 24-h LC50 of 17.4 mg/L was registered for B. calyciflorus [142].…”

Section: Rotifer Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotifers as Models in Toxicity Screening of Chemicals and Environmental Samples

Rico‐Martínez¹,

Arzate-Cárdenas²,

Robles-Vargas³

et al. 2016

Invertebrates - Experimental Models in Toxicity Screening

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An important objective of aquatic ecotoxicology is to determine the effects of toxic compounds in organisms that play a central role in aquatic communities where rotifers have a large impact on several important ecological processes. The contribution of the rotifers to secondary production in many aquatic communities is substantial as they are often the larger fraction of zooplankton biomass at certain times of the year. In addition to the importance of their ecological roles in aquatic communities, the rotifers are attractive organisms for ecotoxicological studies by its short life cycles and rapid reproduction, their small size, and little volumes needed for culture and toxicity assays. The main end points used in ecotoxicological studies are mortality, reproduction, behavior, and biomarkers. Such parameters are included in international regulations from all over the world, where different species are used to evaluate the effect of environmental samples or chemical compounds. The high diversity of rotifers is an important issue because it can modify their relative susceptibility to toxicants. Thus, more studies are needed to know the relations and mechanisms involved in clonal variation, sensitivity, and development, which can be all assessed by state-of-the-art procedures.

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Toxicity of Cadmium, Lead, Mercury and Methyl Parathion on Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg 1832 (Rotifera: Monogononta)

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Freshwater toxicity testing using rehydratedPhilodinasp. (Rotifera) as test animals

Freshwater toxicity testing using rehydratedPhilodinasp. (Rotifera) as test animals

Using Proales similis (Rotifera) for toxicity assessment in marine waters

Rotifers as Models in Toxicity Screening of Chemicals and Environmental Samples

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