Toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) and its derivatives in divers biological models with the assessment of molecular mechanisms of toxicity

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine totoxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) and its derivatives (bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)) due to its high accumulation in environment. The performed analysis revealed the toxicity of the BPA, BPF, and BPS against Kurthia gibsoni, Microbacterium sp., and Brevundimonas diminuta as the most sensitive, reaching microbial toxic concentrations in the range of 0.018–0.031 mg ∙ L−1. Moreover, the genotoxicity assay shows the ability of all tested compounds to increase in the β-galactosidase level at the concentration range 7.81–500 µM (in Escherichia coli, PQ37). In turn, the matbolic activation of tested bishpenols has caused the enhacement of the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effect. Interestingely, the highest phytotoxicity effect was pointed for BPA and TBBPA at the concentrations of 10 mg ∙ L−1 and 50 mg ∙ L−1, which cause the inhibition of root growth by 58% and 45%, respectively (especially for S. alba and S. saccharatum). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity analyses show the ability of BPA, BPS, and TBBPA to significantly decrease the metabolic activity of human keratynoctes in vitro after 24 h of treatment at the micromolar concentrations. Simialry, the impact of the certain bisphenols on proliferation-, apoptosis-, and inflammation-related mRNA expression was shown in tested cell line. Summarizing, the presented results have proved that BPA and its derrivatives are able to show high negative effect on certain living orgnisms such as bacteria, plants, and human cells, which is strict related to pro-apoptotic and genotoxic mechanism of action.

Novel decomposition of polycarbonate and effect for marine ecosystem

“…But the reasons as to why BPA is present in canned food remain to be determined. 21,36 Especially, canned food or nursing bottles are heat at about 100-120 °C for several minutes each time for sterilization. The commercially available PC product, (nursing bottle, food container) was cut with scissors, exactly 0.100 g was weighed by an analytical balance, dissolved in 5 ml of DCM, and BP was added as a surrogate so as to be 0.1 mg kg −1 at the time of measurement as shown.…”

In silico assessment of biocompatibility and toxicity: molecular docking and dynamics simulation of PMMA-based dental materials for interim prosthetic restorations

“…Several studies have highlighted toxicity risks associated with constituents and degradation products of PMMA. Additives such as Bisphenol-A (BPA) and its derivatives, used in PMMA production, pose concerns due to their endocrine-disrupting properties [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Challenges and Opportunities in the Catalytic Synthesis of Diphenolic Acid and Evaluation of Its Application Potential

“…[ 7 , 8 ]. However, BPA is well-known for its dangerous toxicological properties, which mime the effects of estrogens and thus disrupt the endocrine system, even at very low concentrations (<1 ng L −1 ) [ 9 , 10 ]. Moreover, BPA use has been associated with the onset of health issues, such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes [ 11 , 12 ], and its use, especially in foodstuffs, is strictly regulated by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) legislation [ 13 ].…”