Toxicity of biofungicide Timorex 66 EC to Cladobotryum dendroides and Agaricus bisporus

Potočnik, Ivana; Vukojević, Jelena; Stajić, Mirjana; Rekanović, Emil; Stepanović, Miloš; Milijašević, Svetlana; Todorović, Biljana

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2009.07.016

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Timorex 66 EC (66% "tea tree oil) showed higher activity than Sonata® (Bacillus pumilus) against C. dendroides, although the efficacy of Timorex was far lower than that of prochloraz-Mn (Potočnik et al, 2010). The application of aerated compost tea from spent mushroom compost was efficient to control dry bubble (Gea et al, 2014), although the results were disappointing when used for cobweb control (unpublished data).…”

Section: Alternative Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the French "Ecophyto 2018" plan) have led to the intensification of biological control efforts in agriculture. Although there have been attempts to identify biological control agents and environmentally-friendly biomolecules that are effective against fungal diseases in mushroom (Potočnik et al, 2010;Kosanović et al, 2013;Gea et al, 2014;Geösel et al, 2014), no efficient bio-treatment to control cobweb disease has been described. In view of this, control of the pathology still relies on the use of chemical fungicides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cobweb, a serious pathology in mushroom crops: A review

Carrasco¹,

Navarro²,

Gea³

2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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Cobweb is a fungal disease of commercially cultivated mushrooms. Several members of the ascomycete genus Cladobotryum sp. have been reported as causal agents. White button mushroom is the most frequently cited host, but a wide range of cultivated edible mushrooms suffer cobweb. The pathology causes production losses and reduces the crop surface available. The parasite produces a great number of harmful conidia that can be released easily and distributed throughout the mushroom farm to generate secondary points of infection. To prevent initial outbreaks, hygiene is of primary importance within the facilities dedicated to mushroom cultivation, while additional measures must be implemented to control and reduce cobweb if there is an outbreak, including chemical and biological methods. This review summarizes and discusses the knowledge available on the historic occurrence of cobweb and its impact on commercial mushroom crops worldwide. Causal agents, disease ecology, including the primary source of infection and the dispersal of harmful conidia are also reviewed. Finally, control treatments to prevent the disease from breaking out are discussed.

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Section: Alternative Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cobweb, a serious pathology in mushroom crops: A review

Carrasco¹,

Navarro²,

Gea³

2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Mushrooms are widely appreciated all over the world for their nutritional properties (Kalač, 2009), and also for their pharmacological value (Ferreira et al, 2009 and2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of Agaricus bohusii, antioxidant potential and antifungal preserving properties when incorporated in cream cheese

Reis

Stojković

Sokóvić

et al. 2012

Food Research International

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Agaricus bohusii Bon is an edible and prized mushroom especially common in Serbia and southern Europe. Herein, this species was chemically characterized by evaluation of nutritional value (e.g. macromolecules, free sugars and fatty acids), bioactive compounds (e.g. tocopherols, phenolic compounds and organic acids), and antioxidant activity of its methanolic extract (e.g. scavenging activity, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation). Its antifungal preserving properties were also evaluated after incorporation of A. bohusii extract in cream cheese, using fungus Penicillium verucosum var. cyclopium as source contaminant. Comparison of sensory evaluation of cream cheese alone and enriched with A. bohusii extract was recorded. According to our findings, A. bohusii was rich source of carbohydrates and proteins, containing γ-tocopherol as the only isoform of tocopherols. Polyunsaturated fatty acids also predominated over mono and unsaturated fatty acids. p-Hydroxybenzoic and pcoumaric acids were the phenolic acids identified in the studied sample; two related compounds were found in higher amounts: γ-L-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene and cinnamic acid. Malic, oxalic and fumaric acids were the organic acids identified and quantified in A. bohusii. High concentration of total phenolics was in correlation with strong antioxidant capacity. Methanol extract successfully inhibited development of P. verucosum var. cyclopium in cream cheese, tested at room temperature after 7 days of inoculation. Sensory evaluation showed cream cheese in combination with A. bohusii extract slightly more acceptable to panelists than cream cheese alone.

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“…Casing soil disinfection by indoor disinfectants, such as formaldehyde, sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, sulphur, calcium chloride and chlorinated compounds, is currently a widespread practice in mushroom cultivation (Sharma & Guleria, 1999). The selective fungicide prochloraz-manganese has been officially recommended for mushroom production in all EU countries (Potočnik et al, 2010). So far, many studies have been carried out to find the most adequate method of disease control in edible mushroom industry, but none has been found to be completely effective while being at the same time non-toxic to humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Pseudomonas tolaasii, cause the most serious diseases of edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach in Serbia, dry and wet bubble, cobweb disease and bacterial brown blotch, respectively (Potočnik et al, 2008;Milijašević-Marčić et al, 2012). Besides Trichoderma, the micromycete C. dendroides is the most frequent soil-inhabiting mushroom pathogen in Serbia (Potočnik et al, 2010). Still, Fletcher and Ganney (1968) noted that mushroom diseases were mostly transmitted by casing soil and suggested formaldechyde as a control method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibility of environmentally-safe casing soil disinfection for control of cobweb disease of button mushroom

et al. 2014

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SUMMARYThe soil-borne pathogen Cladobotryum dendroides causes cobweb disease of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and its significant yield losses. Casing soil disinfection by toxic formaldehyde is a widespread practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of two environmentally friendly substances, colloidal silver and peracetic acid, against C. dendroides. Their biological efficacy (impact on mushroom yield), effectiveness (disease control) and type of interactions between them and the fungicide prochloraz-manganese were evaluated.Black peat/lime casing soil was applied to a colonized substrate with the white button mushroom strain 737, then inoculated with C. dendroides and treated with the fungicide prochloraz-manganse and two environmentally friendly disinfectants based on peracetic acid and colloidal silver. The effects of fungicides on mushroom productivity were evaluated as biological efficacy and calculated as a ratio of fresh weight of total mushroom yield to the weight of dry substrate. Fungicide effectiveness and synergy factor were calculated by Abbott's (1925) formula. Tests for synergism between prochloraz-manganese and both other substances were performed using Limpel's formula.The highest biolgical efficacy, exceeding 92.00, was achieved in treatments with prochlorazmanganese, applied alone or in combination with both other disinfectants. The highest effectiveness of 93.33% was attained in treatments with peracetic acid combined with prochloraz-manganese. Trials against cobweb disease revealed a synergistic reaction between the fungicide and peracetic acid and antagonistic between the fungicide and colloidal silver.Peracetic acid provided better disease control, compared to colloidal silver applied alone or in combination with the fungicide. Based on these findings, peracetic acid should be recomended as an environmentally friendly casing soil disinfectant against cobweb disease of A. bisporus.

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Toxicity of biofungicide Timorex 66 EC to Cladobotryum dendroides and Agaricus bisporus

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Cobweb, a serious pathology in mushroom crops: A review

Cobweb, a serious pathology in mushroom crops: A review

Chemical characterization of Agaricus bohusii, antioxidant potential and antifungal preserving properties when incorporated in cream cheese

Possibility of environmentally-safe casing soil disinfection for control of cobweb disease of button mushroom

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