Toxicity of atmospheric particulate matter using aquatic bioassays

Papadimitriou, Christos; Evagelopoulos, V.; Samaras, P.; Triantafyllou, A. G.; Zoras, Stamatis; Albanis, T. A.

doi:10.2495/etox060041

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Those differences make the comparison of different studies difficult. Yet PM 2.5 is reported to induce lower toxicity to A. fischeri than PM 10 (Papadimitriou et al, 2006). This corresponds with the present results as reported Microtox EC 50 values of PM 10 (<20 m 3 air ml −1 ) are lower than the obtained EC 20 values of PM 2.5 .…”

Section: Pm 25 Composition and In Vitro Toxicitysupporting

confidence: 91%

Chemical characterization and source attribution of aviation-related ultrafine particles

Ungeheuer¹

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Large international airports were identified as sources of ultrafine particles (UFPs) (Hu et al., 2009; Yu et al., 2012; Hsu et al., 2013; Keuken et al., 2015; Hudda and Fruin, 2016). Since September 2017 UFP emissions originating from the Frankfurt International Airport, Germany are monitored by the Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology (HLNUG) showing elevated UFP concentrations during airport operating hours (05:00–23:00 CET) (Ditas et al., 2022). Referring to that, the organic chemical composition of aviation-related UFPs emerging from the Frankfurt Airport was analysed by performing a comprehensive non-target screening of UFP filter samples. Aluminium-filter samples were collected at an air quality monitoring station 4 km north of the Frankfurt Airport, using a 13-stage impactor system (Nano-MOUDI). The chemical characterization of UFPs in the size range of 10-18 nm, 18-32 nm and 32-56 nm was accomplished by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, heated electrospray ionisation and mass analysis using an Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer. Non-target screening revealed that the majority of detected compounds belong to homologous series of two different types of organic esters, which are base stocks of aircraft lubrication oils. In reference to five different jet engine lubrication oils of various manufacturers, the corresponding lubricant base stocks and their additives, two amines and one organophosphate, were identified in the UFPs by the use of matching retention time, exact mass and MS/MS fragmentation pattern of single organic molecules. The quantitative analysis of the jet engine oil constituents in the aviation-related UFPs with diameters < 56 nm was accomplished by standard addition. By characterizing the Nano-MOUDI, loss factors for each size stage were determined and used for correction accordingly. Particle-number size distribution measurements, conducted parallel to the filter sampling, enabled the determination of the jet engine oil contribution to the UFP mass. Furthermore, the nucleation and particle formation potential of a commonly used synthetic jet engine lubrication oil was investigated in the laboratory. Thermodenuder experiments at 20 °C and 300 °C were carried out to monitor the gas-to-particle partitioning behaviour of jet engine oils. At 300 °C a significantly higher number of particles with a mean diameter of ~10 nm are formed, leading to a more than fivefold increase in total particle numbers compared to 20 °C. Particle diameters of the newly formed oil particles in the laboratory experiment appeared in the same size region as UFPs emerging from Frankfurt Airport. Particles originating from the Frankfurt city centre direction showed larger diameters. Results indicate that aircraft emissions strongly influence the total mass of 10-18 nm particles. The jet oil fraction decreases for bigger particles (e.g., 18-56 nm), implying that these oils form new particles in the cooling exhaust gases of aircraft engines. In addition, non-target screening and in vitro bioassays on aviation-related PM2.5 filter samples were combined to provide indications for potential toxicologically relevant compounds in dependence of different wind directions and airport operations. Most recently, the applied non-target screening method was also used to identify seasonal variations in the organic aerosol composition in Beijing.

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Section: Pm 25 Composition and In Vitro Toxicitysupporting

confidence: 91%

Chemical characterization and source attribution of aviation-related ultrafine particles

Ungeheuer¹

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“…In order for the decisions to be correct, however, there must be timely information on the validity of the data presented. Conventional environmental information dissemination applications to date focus on presenting data without being able to control their quality in real time [33][34][35][36]61].…”

Section: Airdms Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, continuous air quality monitoring can be performed only by ground-based monitoring stations, which have the added advantage of being able to provide real-time information in case of limit exceedance. Moreover, although such systems provide time series of different air quality parameters that are relevant to the direct vicinity of a particular location, when combined with sampling of particulate matter, they can be characterized, the source identified and toxicity studied [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud-Based Decision Support System for Air Quality Management

Evagelopoulos

Charisiou²,

Logothetis³

et al. 2022

Climate

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Air quality is important for the protection of human health, the environment and our cultural heritage and it is an issue that will acquire increased significance in the future due to the adverse effects of climate change. Thus, it is important to not simply monitor air quality, but to make information immediately available to those responsible for monitoring the networks, to policy/decision makers, but also to the general population. Moreover, the development of information technologies over the last couple of decades has allowed the proliferation of real-time pollution monitoring. The work presented herein concerns the development of an effective way of monitoring environmental parameters using dedicated software. It offers a complete suite of applications that support environmental data collection management and reporting for air quality and associated meteorology. It combines modern technologies for the proper monitoring of air quality networks, which can consist of one or more measuring stations. Innovatively, it also focuses on how to effectively present the relevant information, utilizing modern technologies, such as cloud and mobile applications, to network engineers, policy/decision managers, and to the general public at large. It also has the capability of notifying appropriate personnel in the event of failures, overruns or abnormal values. The system, in its current configuration, handles information from six networks that include over 55 air pollution monitoring stations that are located throughout Greece. This practical application has shown that the system can achieve high data availability rates, even higher than 99% during the year.

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