Toxicity of Alkyl Sulfate Surfactant Detergent (AS) to Larvae of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) From Marine Waters, District of Lingga Timur, Lingga Regency

Abstract

The coastal area of East Lingga Subdistrict, Lingga Regency has been designated by the Lingga Regency government as the center for the development of shrimp pond cultivation. This study aims to determine the level of toxicity of the surfactant alkyl sulfate (AS) detergent to post larvae (PL) of Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). An acute test was performed on PL10 samples exposed to AS media for 96 hours. Then the Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) value was calculated for 4 times (24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours). Furthermore, the PL-15 sample was AS in the sub chronic test, then the sample was exposed to AS media for 24 hours, then the growth rate and changes in the gill organ structure of the PL samples were observed. From the test results, it is known that the LC50 values in the AS test for the 24th, 48th, 72th, and 96th times of the shrimp larvae samples obtained LS50 values were 33.6 mg/l, 29.4 mg/l, respectively. 24.3 mg/l, and 22.8 mg/l. Subsequently, an increase in AS concentration by 17.11 mg/l in the rearing medium resulted in a decrease in the growth rate of post larvae. The acute and sub chronic testing period showed changes in the behavior of post-larvae samples. The histopathological observations found damage to the structure of the sample gill organs and hepatopancreas. Symptoms of damage to the structure of the gills began to appear at AS concentrations of 25.58 mg/l at time 96 and 72 with an LC50 value of 34.99 mg/l. Furthermore, it was also seen at an AS concentration of 9.78 mg/l at time 24. The results of this study found that AS toxicity to Vannamei larvae increased with increasing concentration and exposure time.