Toxicity, metabolism, and impact of mycotoxins on humans and animals

Hussein, Hussein S.; Brasel, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00471-1

Cited by 1,395 publications

(968 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…However, the animal susceptibility is influenced by several factors, such as sex and age (Cote et al, 1985;Dortant et al, 2001). Furthermore, each mycotoxin has an action mechanism with different clinical manifestations, according to the ingested dose (Coulombe, 1993;Hussein and Brasel, 2001). In this context, the results observed in previous publications with pigs challenged by mycotoxins are usually variable and inconclusive in some aspects, such as the relationship of mycotoxins with nutritional components in diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analytical study of productive and nutritional interactions of mycotoxins in growing pigs

Andretta

Kipper

Lehnen

et al. 2012

Animal

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A meta-analysis was carried out in order to study the association of mycotoxins with performance and organ weights in growing pigs. A total of 85 articles published between 1968 and 2010 were used, totaling 1012 treatments and 13 196 animals. The metaanalysis followed three sequential analyses: graphical, correlation and variance-covariance. The presence of mycotoxins in diets was seen to reduce the feed intake by 18% and the weight gain in 21% compared with the control group. Deoxynivalenol and aflatoxins were the mycotoxins with the greatest impact on the feed intake and growth of pigs, reducing by 26% and 16% in the feed intake and by 26% and 22% in the weight gain. The mycotoxin concentration in diets and the animal age at challenge were the variables that more improved the coefficient of determination in equations for estimating the effect of mycotoxins on weight gain. The mycotoxin effect on growth proved to be greater in younger animals. In addition, the residual analysis showed that the greater part of the variation in weight gain was explained by the variation in feed intake (87%). The protein and methionine levels in diets could influence the feed intake and the weight gain in challenged animals. The weight gain in challenged pigs showed a positive correlation with the methionine level in diets (0.68). The mycotoxin effect on growth was greater in males compared with the effect on females. The reduction in weight gain was of 15% in the female group and 19% in the male group. Mycotoxin presence in pig diets has interfered in the relative weight of the liver, the kidneys and the heart. Mycotoxins have an influence on performance and organ weight in pigs. However, the magnitude of the effects varies with the type and concentration of mycotoxin, sex and the animal age, as well as nutritional factors.Keywords: aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, nutrition, swine, trichothecenes ImplicationsThe mycotoxin effect on animal performance is recognized. However, this effect may be modified by several factors, which are noticeable in the large variability observed in previous results. This study is innovative, because it seeks to understand and quantify the interactions among mycotoxins and other factors such as nutrition, sex or growth phase of the pigs. The meta-analysis used the complementarities among previous studies in order to highlight gaps in mycotoxicology, which is hardly studied in traditional experimental designs. Furthermore, it aimed to assist in understanding the mycotoxin effects that this approach can support in the determination of dynamic growth standards for challenged animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analytical study of productive and nutritional interactions of mycotoxins in growing pigs

Andretta

Kipper

Lehnen

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…O maior problema decorre da ação crônica das aflatoxinas no homem, pois além da alteração do crescimento em jovens e crianças, ocasionam distúrbios neurológicos, imunológicos e o aparecimento de câncer hepático [11,15,25,43]. O risco da população se deve aos seus efeitos carcinogênicos, mutagênicos, teratogênicos e hepatotóxicos [43,50].…”

Section: -Introduçãounclassified

Aflatoxinas em produtos à base de milho comercializados no Brasil e riscos para a saúde humana

Amaral¹,

Nascimento²,

Sekiyama³

et al. 2006

Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment.

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A presença de micotoxinas em alimentos é um sério problema para saúde pública e para a qualidade dos alimentos. Por muitos anos, os fungos foram conhecidos pela sua capacidade de produzir metabólitos tóxicos, porém os seus efeitos foram largamente ignorados, tornando as micotoxicoses negligenciadas. Esta situação foi alterada drasticamente após 1960, com a doença X dos perus, quando a atenção mundial se concentrou sobre as micotoxinas. A rapidez na identificação e caracterização das aflatoxinas e a demonstração da aflatoxina B 1 como um carcinógeno extremamente potente ao ser humano e animal, impulsionaram esta mudança [20]. The results presented significant differences between ELISA and TLC (T=12, p=0.0469). The data demonstrate low occurence of aflatoxins in the maize products analysed. Despite this, Average Probable Daily Intake (APDI) of AFB 1 was above Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI), indicating a risk of liver carcinogenicity for Brazilian population due to the consumption of maize products. The ELISA method revealed to be simple, fast, and uses less organic solvent, however, it presented positive and negative presumptive results, what makes necessary the confirmation of the mycotoxins identity by TLC. AFLATOXINAS EM PRODUTOS À BASE DE MILHO COMERCIALIZADOS

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“…They have no biochemical significance for the growth and development of the fungus itself. Over 400 mycotoxins have been isolated and chemically characterized, though research has focused on those forms causing significant harm to humans, animals and crops (Hussein & Brasel, 2001;Zain, 2011). Aflatoxins (AFLs), Ochratoxins A (OTA), trichothecenes as Vomitoxin (DON), Zearelenone (ZEA), Fumonisins B1 and B2 (FUMO B1, FUMO B2), tremorgenic toxins, and ergot alkaloids are the most important mycotoxins if we consider their effects on human health.…”

Section: General Information On Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially the AFB1 is bioactivated from its original form to a mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolite (Hussein & Brasel, 2001). Aflatoxins have been found also in tissues of children suffering from Kwashiorkor and Reye's syndrome, that has led to the hypothesis that they could also be causal factors for these diseases.…”

Section: Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%