Toxicity Evaluation of Nanostructured Silica Orally Administered to Rats: Influence on Immune System Function

Gmoshinski, I. V.; Шипелин, В А; Шумакова, А А; Трушина, Э Н; Мустафина, О К; Safenkova, Irina V.; Хотимченко, С А; Nikityuk, D. B.; Tutelyan, V A

doi:10.3390/nano10112126

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In addition to effects on the liver, oral exposure to SAS has been associated with other adverse effects and health syndromes. These include local effects on the intestine, inflammatory bowel diseases, effects on the immune system, and effects associated with microbiome alterations (Gmoshinski et al 2020;Lamas, Martins Breyner, and Houdeau 2020;Siemer et al 2018;Winkler, Suter, and Naegeli 2016;Yan et al 2020), and effects on kidney (Boudard et al 2019). In the current paper, we focused mainly on hepatotoxic effects, as multiple studies indicated liver as critical target organ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues currently complicating the risk assessment of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) nanoparticles after oral exposure

et al. 2021

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Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) is applied in food products as food additive E 551. It consists of constituent amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) nanoparticles that form aggregates and agglomerates. We reviewed recent oral toxicity studies with SAS. Some of those report tissue concentrations of silicon (Si). The results of those studies were compared with recently determined tissue concentrations of Si (and Si-particles) in human postmortem tissues. We noticed inconsistent results of the various toxicity studies regarding toxicity and reported tissue concentrations, which hamper the risk assessment of SAS. A broad range of Si concentrations is reported in control animals in toxicity studies. The Si concentrations found in human postmortem tissues fall within this range. On the other hand, the mean concentration found in human liver is higher than the reported concentrations causing liver effects in some animal toxicity studies after oral exposure to SAS. Also higher liver concentrations are observed in other, negative animal studies. Those inconsistencies could be caused by the presence of other Si-containing chemical substances or particles (which potentially also includes background SAS) and/or different sample preparation and analytical techniques that were used. Other factors which could explain the inconsistencies in outcome between the toxicity studies are the distinct SAS used and different dosing regimes, such as way of administration (dietary, via drinking water, oral gavage), dispersion of SAS and dose. More research is needed to address these issues and to perform a proper risk assessment for SAS in food. The current review will help to progress research on the toxicity of SAS and the associated risk assessment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues currently complicating the risk assessment of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) nanoparticles after oral exposure

et al. 2021

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“…Recent some research showed the potential toxicity of SAS in terms of inflammation of the intestinal wall and neurotoxicity [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Contradictory in vivo toxicity results were also reported, showing the low oral toxicity of SAS [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Oral Toxicokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and 28-Day Oral Toxicity of Two Differently Manufactured Food Additive Silicon Dioxides

Yoo

Youn

Choi

2022

IJMS

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(1) Background: Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) is widely used as a food additive and contains nano-sized particles. SAS can be produced by fumed and precipitated methods, which may possess different physiochemical properties, toxicokinetics, and oral toxicity. (2) Methods: The toxicokinetics of fumed SAS and precipitated SAS were evaluated following a single-dose oral administration in rats. The tissue distribution and fate of both SAS particles were assessed after repeated oral administration in rats for 28 d, followed by recovery period for 90 d. Their 28-d repeated oral toxicity was also evaluated. (3) Results: Precipitated SAS showed higher oral absorption than fumed SAS, but the oral absorption of both SAS particles was low (<4%), even at 2000 mg/kg. Our tissue-distribution study revealed that both SAS particles, at a high dose (2000 mg/kg), were accumulated in the liver after repeated administration for 28 d, but the increased concentrations returned to normal levels at 29 d, the first day of the recovery period. A higher distribution level of precipitated SAS than fumed SAS and decomposed particle fates of both SAS particles were found in the liver at 28 d. No significant toxicological findings were observed after 28-d oral administration, suggesting their low oral toxicity. (4) Conclusions: Different manufacturing methods of SAS can, therefore, affect its oral toxicokinetics and tissue distribution, but not oral toxicity.

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“…Most of the available data concern ASNP-induced changes in the mechanical mechanisms of the barrier. In a study aimed to assess changes in rat immune system after ASNP oral administration (daily, in doses ranging from 0.1 to 100 mg/kg of body weight for 92 days), Gmoshinski et al found no modification of intestinal permeability to protein macromolecules (ovalbumin) [ 45 ], suggesting a relative insensitivity of the intestinal barrier to ASNP. This study was consistent with the assumption of low toxicity of ASNP on intestinal structure and function, although the ASNP characterization was incomplete, thus preventing a proper comparison with other studies.…”

Section: Local Intestinal Effects: Genotoxicity Cytotoxicity Inflamma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amorphous silica nanoparticles and the human gut microbiota: a relationship with multiple implications

Bianchi,

Chiu,

Taurino

et al. 2024

J Nanobiotechnol

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Amorphous silica nanoparticles (ASNP) are among the nanomaterials that are produced in large quantities. ASNP have been present for a long time in several fast-moving consumer products, several of which imply exposure of the gastrointestinal tract, such as toothpastes, food additives, drug excipients, and carriers. Consolidated use and experimental evidence have consistently pointed to the very low acute toxicity and limited absorption of ASNP. However, slow absorption implies prolonged exposure of the intestinal epithelium to ASNP, with documented effects on intestinal permeability and immune gut homeostasis. These effects could explain the hepatic toxicity observed after oral administration of ASNP in animals. More recently, the role of microbiota in these and other ASNP effects has attracted increasing interest in parallel with the recognition of the role of microbiota in a variety of conditions. Although evidence for nanomaterial effects on microbiota is particularly abundant for materials endowed with bactericidal activities, a growing body of recent experimental data indicates that ASNPs also modify microbiota. The implications of these effects are recounted in this contribution, along with a discussion of the more important open issues and recommendations for future research. Graphical Abstract

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Toxicity Evaluation of Nanostructured Silica Orally Administered to Rats: Influence on Immune System Function

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Issues currently complicating the risk assessment of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) nanoparticles after oral exposure

Issues currently complicating the risk assessment of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) nanoparticles after oral exposure

Oral Toxicokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and 28-Day Oral Toxicity of Two Differently Manufactured Food Additive Silicon Dioxides

Amorphous silica nanoparticles and the human gut microbiota: a relationship with multiple implications

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