Toxicity detection from EILATox‐Oregon Workshop samples by using kinetic photobacteria measurement: the flash method

Abstract

The Flash test, which can be used to measure the toxicity from clear, turbid and coloured samples with identical protocol, was used in the EILATox-Oregon Workshop. During the workshop, 17 synthetic samples and three environmental samples were tested. In the Flash method the photobacteria Vibrio fischeri are initially dispensed on top of the sample and the light output of the bioluminescence reaction is recorded at a rate of several readings per second. The change in the light production was measured at two points: 30 s and 30 min after exposure at room temperature. Toxicity calculations were done by using either the peak height of the sample or the peak height of the control sample (maximum signal at 0-2 s). When the peak height of the sample is used as a reference, the colour and turbidity effect of solid particles are taken into account throughout the whole measurement period. In the EILATox-Oregon Workshop toxicity was seen in samples 1 (chlordimeform), 4 (phosdrin), 5 (HgCl(2)), 6 (sodium arsenite), 8 (metham sodium), 12 (p-chlorophenol), 14 (sodium selenite) and 17 (MNNG). Only samples 1, 4 and 12 showed different ec(50) values between different calculations of toxicity. The ec(50) values were calculated and compared with the ec(50) values of Microtox derived from the literature. The Flash test will not replace the standardized photobacteria test, but is the advanced version of it and is needed when the sample matrix is complex and when speed and low costs are required.

Ultrasmall Plasmonic Nanoparticles Decorated Hierarchical Mesoporous TiO2 as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes

“…For identification of the toxicity of photocatalytic degradation intermediate products, the eco-toxicological experiment was conducted for the dyes and its degradation intermediates against the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri through a standard protocol. 21 The dyes exhibited moderate toxicity against V. fischeri which was observed from the ∼30% inhibition in the luminous of the bacteria; additionally, the % luminescence inhibition increased almost 10–15% of all dyes at 1 h irradiation because of the formation of degradation intermediates of both azo and non-azo dyes. However, % luminescence inhibition are gradually reduced and finally reached to <3 at after 7 h of light irradiation (Figure S6).…”

“…This might be both dyes and its degradation intermediates are decomposed unselectively without generating any long-lived toxic compound. For identification of the toxicity of photocatalytic degradation intermediate products, the eco-toxicological experiment was conducted for the dyes and its degradation intermediates against the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri through a standard protocol . The dyes exhibited moderate toxicity against V.…”

Bacterial genotoxicity bioreporters

“…, 2000; Baumstark‐Khan et al. , 2007) and in the USA (Eilatox‐Oregon; Hakkila et al. , 2004; Meriläinen and Lampinen, 2004; Pancrazio et al.…”

“…Further comparison of the performance of some of these bioassays has been performed in several hands-on workshops conducted in Belgium (Mol TECHNOTOX; Corbisier et al, 2000;Baumstark-Khan et al, 2007) and in the USA (Eilatox-Oregon; Hakkila et al, 2004;Meriläinen and Lampinen, 2004;Pancrazio et al, 2004;Pedahzur et al, 2004). In addition to highlighting differences in response characteristics, such workshops help to emphasize the difficulties encountered when taking a newly developed test out of the lab and into the field and emphasized the merits of utilizing standard testing protocols for performance validation.…”

Smartphone-Assisted Three Dimensional-Printed Acute Toxicity Detection: Mitigating the Impact of Sample Color

“…On one hand, many environmental water samples exhibit color and turbidity, which can significantly compromise the accuracy of measurements. 18 Although there are protocols to minimize the impact of color and turbidity issues, they are deemed cumbersome and unsuitable for onsite applications. 19 On the other hand, with the awareness of citizen science, smartphonebased analytical instruments have attracted much attention.…”