Toxicity, Bioaccumulation and Tissue Partitioning of Dieldrin by the Shrimp,Macrobrachium Faustinumde Sassure, in Fresh and Brackish Waters of Jamaica

Abstract

The 2-week no observed effect (NOEC) and lowest observed effect (LOEC) concentrations of dieldrin were determined for Macrobrachium faustinum de Sassure in fresh and brackish waters. LOEC1,10,50,95 values in fresh water were 0.001, 0.003, 0.011 and 0.058 microg l(-1), respectively, and in brackish water, 0.00006, 0.00027, 0.00165, and 0.0172 microg l(-1), respectively. The 96-hr LC10, LC50 and LC95 values were 0.029, 0.123 and 0.771 microg l(-1), respectively. It is proposed that NOEC and LOEC be redefined to take into account the percentage of individuals affected, the severity of symptoms and the recovery of poisoned individuals. Two new terms are proposed--Median Observable Effect Concentration (MOEC) for pronounced toxic symptoms in most individuals but mortality in <50%, and Pronounced Observed Effect Concentration (POEC), which inflicts mortality in >50% individuals. Bioaccumulation of dieldrin by M. faustinum from surrounding fresh and brackish waters were rapid and fairly uniform for the first 48 h when the bioconcentration equilibrium (14.4 +/- 0.42 ng g(-1) at 0.001 microg l(-1) and 42.5 +/- 1.72 ng g(-1) at 0.01 phi g l(-1)) was achieved. Relative partitioning of residues (ng g(-1) wet wt.), after 24h exposure to 0.001 microg l(-1) of dieldrin in fresh water, in the different tissues was hepatopancreas > gonads > gills > large claws > muscle and exoskeleton. Shrimp which had accumulated 10.5 +/- 0.52 ng g(-1) dieldrin in fresh and brackish water, eliminated only about 52% of the residues after eight days in uncontaminated water.

Bioaccumulation and Tissue Partitioning of Endosulfan by the Red Hybrid <i>Tilapia</i>

“…The pattern of bioconcentration and elimination of endosulfan by tilapia was similar to that of different organophosphates (Tsuda et al, 1989) and PCBs (Smith et al, 1990) by other fish species and dieldrin by the shrimp, Macrobrachium faustinum (Robinson et al, 2002). The higher rate of uptake and elimination and tissue partitioning of α-than the ß-isomer reflect the 7:3 ratio of the two in technical endosulfan (Goebel et al, 1982).…”

CPEST: An expert system for the management of pests and diseases in the Jamaican coffee industry

“…It has become clear that past agricultural practices and policies are at least partially responsible for many of the current environmental problems, such as the ones related to soil and water. For example, many countries have reported alarming levels of pesticide residues in their eco-systems (Dierksmeier, 1996;Hill & Wright, 1978;Mansingh, Robinson, & Dalip, 1997;Mansingh, Robinson, & Dalip, 2003;Robinson, Henry, & Mansingh, 2002). The problems are partly caused by what Mansingh (1993) has referred to as the ''pesticide subculture''.…”

“…This requires the use of quality management approaches to address these threats. However, such approaches have to involve the judicious use of pest management chemicals because Jamaican coffee is typically grown on steep sloping lands, and so there a great danger of run-off of environmentally damaging chemicals into various river systems (Mansingh et al, 1997;Robinson et al, 2002).…”

Toxicity of Endosulfan to the Red Hybrid Tilapia

“…The data on the reversible toxicity to the fish (Table 1) and the 21-day LC 10-95 data ( and POEC at LC 75 . Most of the test organisms which recover from manifested toxic symptoms, depending on the concentration of the chemical and extent and exposure, may suffer adverse physiological effect, which could influence their reproduction and survival (Robinson et al, 2002;van Leeuwen and Hermens, 1995). Indeed, NOEC and LOEC levels of dieldrin caused the resting Oxygen Consumption Rate (VrO 2 ) of Macrobrachium faustinum to increase by 48%, while the active Oxygen Consumption Rate (VaO 2 ) decreased by 13%.…”

“…However, the present results suggest that data on the reversibility or irreversibility of visible toxic effects may be more applicable in the assessment of toxicity of a compound than the acute toxicity data. Robinson et al (2002) provided data on the reversibility of visible toxic symptoms in the shrimp Macrobrachium faustinum De Sassure, which were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of dieldrin. They suggested that NOEC be defined as the concentration just below the threshold of any observable behavioural toxic symptom and LOEC, just above the threshold of mild-and low-intensity, reversible toxic symptoms and below the threshold of mortality.…”