Toxicity assessment of complex mixtures remains a goal

Donnelly, Kirby C.; Lingenfelter, Rebecca; Cizmas, Leslie; Falahatpisheh, M. Hadi; Qian, Yongchang; Tang, Yingjie; Garcia, S.; Ramos, Kenneth S.; Tiffany‐Castiglioni, Evelyn; Mumtaz, Moiz

doi:10.1016/j.etap.2004.03.013

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is known that w a t e r r e s e a r c h 4 6 ( 2 0 1 2 ) 6 3 5 1 e6 3 5 8 chemical analysis of complex mixtures offers limited information about their real toxicity. Since different reactions can be occurring in the mixture, synergistic effects and interactions during and following discharge are difficult to model realistically, even allowing for the possibility of a probability risk-assessment procedure being additive (Donnelly et al, 2004). Several authors have therefore suggested the application of full effluent, direct toxicity assessment approaches for controlling the impact of chemically complex effluents where traditional chemical-specific limits have proved difficult to determine or inadequate (Ellis, 2000;Teodorovi c et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of sewage treatment plant effluents in rainbow trout cells (RTG-2)

Llorente¹,

Parra²,

Sánchez-Fortún

et al. 2012

Water Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of sewage treatment plant effluents in rainbow trout cells (RTG-2)

Llorente¹,

Parra²,

Sánchez-Fortún

et al. 2012

Water Research

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“…However, these processes use different reaction systems producing hydroxyl radicals (OH • ) which has high oxidative power and can produce by-products which may modify the toxic and mutagenic properties of effluents (Petala et al, 2008). Furthermore, it is known that chemical analysis of complex mixtures offers limited information about their real toxicity since different reactions can be occurring in the mixture like synergistic effects and interactions during and following discharge (Donnelly et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity assays to evaluate tannery effluents treated by photoelectrooxidation

et al. 2015

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The advanced oxidation process (AOP) is used to increase the treatment efficiency of effluents however, it is necessary to compare the toxicity of treated and untreated effluents to evaluate if the decontamination process does not cause any biological harm. Cultured cells have been previously used to assess the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of various compounds. Hence, the aim of this work was to assess the applicability of cytotoxicity assays to evaluate the toxicity related to the AOP treatment. Samples of an industrial effluent were collected after their treatment by a conventional method. Cytotoxicity of standard and AOP treated effluents was assessed in CRIB and HEp-2 cell line using the MTT and neutral red assays. We observed decrease at cell viability in the both assays (50% MTT and 13% NRU) when cells were exposed to the AOP treatment in the highest concentration. Thus, cytotoxic assays in cultured cells can be explored as an useful method to evaluate toxicity as well as to optimize effluents treatment process.Keywords: cytotoxicity, cell culture, effluent, photoelectrooxidation, tannery. Ensaios de citotoxicidade na avaliação de efluentes de curtume tratados por fotoeletrooxidação ResumoO processo de oxidação avançada (POA) tem sido usado para aumentar a eficiência do tratamento de efluentes; no entanto, é necessário comparar a toxicidade de efluentes tratados e não tratados para avaliar se o processo de descontaminação não é capaz de causar algum risco biológico. Cultivos celulares têm sido utilizados para avaliar o potencial genotóxico e citotóxico de vários compostos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicabilidade de ensaios de citotoxicidade para avaliar a toxicidade relacionada ao tratamento com POA. As amostras de um efluente industrial foram recolhidas após o tratamento por um método convencional. A citotoxicidade dos efluentes padrão e tratado com POA foi avaliada nas linhagens celulares CRIB e HEp-2 usando os ensaios do MTT e do vermelho neutro. Observou-se diminuição da viabilidade celular em ambos os ensaios (50% MTT e 13% VN) quando as células foram expostas à concentração mais elevada do efluente tratado com POA. Assim, os ensaios de citotoxicidade em cultivos celulares podem ser explorados como um método útil para avaliar a toxicidade, bem como para otimizar os processos de tratamento de efluentes.

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“…Although these compounds are the major cause of fire deaths, the toxicological effects of many other fire products such as those derived from smoke irritants, particulates, polyaromatic hydrocarbon, dioxins and other material specific fire products also need to be assessed for overall fire safety evaluation. The in vitro methods offer the possibility to assess the toxicity of chemical mixtures (Malich et al, 1998;Donnelly et al, 2004), hence giving a complete profile of toxicity. Future studies may include human blood cells to simulate the carbon monoxide toxic mechanism in vivo as a complement to human cell culture systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of threein vitro exposure methods for combustion toxicity

et al. 2006

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A comparative assessment of three approaches for the use of human cells in vitro to investigate combustion toxicity was conducted. These included one indirect and two direct (passive and dynamic) exposure methods. The indirect method used an impinger system in which culture medium was used to trap the toxicants, whilst the direct exposure involved the use of a Horizontal Harvard Navicyte Chamber at the air/liquid interface. The cytotoxic effects of thermal decomposition products were assessed using the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay (Promega) on a selection of human cells including: HepG2, A549 and skin fibroblasts. A small scale laboratory fire test using a vertical tube furnace was designed for the generation of combustion products. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was selected as a model polymer to study the cytotoxic effects of combustion products. NOAEC (no observable adverse effect concentration), IC10 (10% inhibitory concentration), IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) and TLC (total lethal concentration) values were determined from dose response curves. Assessment using the NRU (neutral red uptake) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) assays on human lung derived cells (A549) was also undertaken. Comparison between in vitro cytotoxicity results against published toxicity data for PMMA combustion and predicted LC50 (50% lethal concentration) values calculated from identified compounds using GCMS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) was determined. The results suggested that the indirect exposure method did not appear to simulate closely exposure via inhalation, whilst exposure at the air/liquid interface by using the dynamic method proved to be a more representative method of human inhalation. This exposure method may be a potential system for in vitro cytotoxicity testing in combustion toxicity.

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Toxicity assessment of complex mixtures remains a goal

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of sewage treatment plant effluents in rainbow trout cells (RTG-2)

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of sewage treatment plant effluents in rainbow trout cells (RTG-2)

Cytotoxicity assays to evaluate tannery effluents treated by photoelectrooxidation

Comparative assessment of threein vitro exposure methods for combustion toxicity

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