Toxicity Assessment of 16 Inorganic Environmental Pollutants by Six Bioassays

Sauvant, M.P.; Pépin, D.; Bohatier, Jacques; Grolière, C. A.; Guillot, Jean

doi:10.1006/eesa.1997.1519

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The sensitivity and the complementarity of toxicity bioassays would be in favor of their incorporation in a battery of tests used for toxicological screening studies [38]. Therefore, we only considered cell populations intoxicated which displayed the comparable increase in LDH activity in culture medium and significant decrease in MTT dye conversion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of Phenanthrenes Extracted from <i>Aristolochia contorta</i> in Human Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cell Line

Wen

Tang

et al. 2006

Nephron Exp Nephrol

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Background/Aims:Aristolochic acid nephropathy, a progressive tubulointerstitial renal disease, is predominantly a result of aristolochic acid I (AA-I) intoxication. However, other unidentified phytotoxins have indeed been postulated as the cause of this unique interstitial nephropathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of other phenanthrene derivatives extracted from Aristolochia contorta in the human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2. Methods: After HK-2 cells were incubated with an indicated concentration of test compounds for 24 h, cell viability was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay (cell membrane damage) in combination with MTT assay (metabolic capability). Cellular morphologic assessments were performed with a phase-contrast inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results: In all test compounds at 5 µg/ml, AA-I, 7-methoxy-aristololactam IV and aristololactam IVa showed cytotoxic activity in HK-2 cells in both MTT assay and LDH leakage assay (p < 0.01). At high concentration (5–80 µg/ml), these three compounds caused a dose-dependent decrease in MTT reduction and a dose-dependent increase in LDH leakage compared to non-treated cells (p <0.01). In LDH leakage assay, 40 µg/ml 7-methoxy-aristololactam IV induced a 1.58-fold LDH leakage compared to AA-I at the same concentration (p < 0.01). Moreover, the IC₅₀of these three compounds were 16.675 µg/ml for AA-I, 4.535 µg/ml for 7-methoxy-aristololactam IV, and 30.244 µg/ml for aristololactam IVa in MTT assay. The cellular morphologic assessments suggest interactions with cell membrane and intracellular structures such as lysosome and mitochondria are likely to be involved in cell injury induced by these three compounds. Conclusion: The potency of cytotoxic activity of aristololactam IVa and 7-methoxy-aristololactam IV extracted from A. contorta is similar to or even stronger than that of AA-I.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of Phenanthrenes Extracted from <i>Aristolochia contorta</i> in Human Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cell Line

Wen

Tang

et al. 2006

Nephron Exp Nephrol

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“…carbonate, phosphate and mineral particles. According to Sauvant et al [21], IC50 for lead (Lead nitrate) in L-929 cells (24 h of exposure) is 580 mg/L. Hence, the extraction yield from 14 h shaking in 50°C did not exceed those levels of lead required for an acute response in L-929, even though the test is expected to be more sensitive with an exposure time of 72 h used in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Inhibition of cell growth were detected in a neutral red incorporation assay (NRI), initially described by Borenfreund and Puerner [20] and adapted to L-929 fibroblasts by Sauvant et al [21]. Cells were grown in a cultivation medium containing EMEM (Eagles Minimum Essential Medium, Gibco), complemented with 10% FCS (Fetal Calf Serum, Gibco), 1% L-Glutamine (Gibco), 1% NEAA (Non Essential Amino Acids, Gibco) and 50 mg/ml Gentamycine (antibiotics, MERCK), and incubated in humidified atmosphere at 37°C and 5% carbon dioxide thus adjusting pH to 7.2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological effects of underwater destruction of detonators in Lake Ormtjärn, Sweden: the impact from lead

Liljedahl

Qvarfort

Berglind

et al. 2011

Environmental Health and Biomedicine

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After the Second World War, dumping in lakes was a rational way to solve the security problem with the extensive amount of unused, aging ammunition. Most commonly the ammunition was dumped in sealed boxes or as pieces. In some cases the ammunition was deliberately detonated when dumped. In Ormtjärn, a small lake in central Sweden, very high levels of lead (1900 mg/kg dry weight Pb) were detected in the sediments indicating a possible need for remediation. The lead was expected to originate from years of underwater destruction of about 1.5 million detonators containing lead azide. The lake is unique in the sense that the lead levels are among the highest in Sweden, the boundary is well defined and that no other source of pollutant is present in the lake. It is also the only known major site for underwater destruction of detonators in freshwaters in Sweden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental impact from underwater destruction of detonators containing lead azide in this natural forest lake.Samples were taken of sediment, bottom water, surface water, bottom fauna and littoral and was analysed for Pb and physical parameters in order to investigate if a possible effect on biota could be demonstrated from the heavily polluted sediment. Acute toxicity of sediment was determined with a mouse cell assay.Results showed high to very high lead content (1500-2000 mg/kg dry weight) in sediment down to 25 cm depth evenly distributed over the whole lake. Water showed low levels (surface water) to high levels (bottom water) of Pb. Disturbance on bottom fauna was observed for BQI-index but none for O/Cindex. No effect on littoral fauna was found. Acute toxicity was low for bottom Environmental Health and Biomedicine 291

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“…Accepted test procedures are not yet available (van Gestel and van Straalen 1994;Kammenga et al, 1996;Pratt et al, 1997). Among the protozoans, however, the ciliates ¹etrahymena pyriformis, ¹etrahymena thermophila (Pauli and Berger, 1997;Sauvant et al 1997), Colpoda cucullus, Colpoda in-ata (Pratt et al, 1997), Colpoda steinii (Campbell et al, 1997), and Paramecium aurelia have been developed as test animals, as have the nematode species Caenorhabditis elegans (Traunspurger et al, 1997), Panagrellus silusiae and Plectus acuminatus. Dutka et al (1996) used a Panagellus redivivus nematode test to assess the toxicity of water and sediment samples from the Temuco and Rapel rivers in Chile.…”

Section: Test Methods With Soil Faunamentioning

confidence: 98%