Toxicity Assessment and Phytostabilization of Contaminated Soil by Using Wheat Straw-derived Biochar in Tomato Plants

Zaman, Anwar; Irfan, Muhammad; Khan, Amir Muhammad; Ali, Humaira; Iqbal, Navid; Ahmad, Ijaz; Fawad, Muhammad; Muhammad, Fida

doi:10.1007/s10343-022-00646-x

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Around 200 g of the collected soil was put into plastic pots (diameter × height, 70 × 130 mm), to which a varying amount of biochar (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, or 5 wt %) was added and well mixed with the soil. These are equivalent to 0, 1.6, 8, 16, 32, or 80 t ha –1 on an area basis of a soil depth of 10 cm and a soil particle density of 1.6 g cm –3 , as used in previous studies. , Afterward, the biochar-spiked soil samples were cultured for 60 days at 25 °C in a climate chamber with a day/light cycle of 16/8 h. During incubation, the moisture content of the soil was maintained at 60% of the maximum water-holding capacity by replenishing the weight loss with ultrapure water. At the end of the incubation, the soil samples were thoroughly homogenized and stored at −20 °C prior to analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar-Associated Free Radicals Reduce Soil Bacterial Diversity: New Insight into Ecoenzymatic Stoichiometry

Yang,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The toxicity of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), often generated during biochar production, on soil bacteria is still not truly reflected when considering the conditions in real soil. Herein, the influence of free radicals within biochar on soil bacteria was investigated from the perspectives of enzyme activity, community structure, and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. Biochar addition enhanced the contents of EPFRs and derived hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in the soil, while it reduced bacterial alpha diversity by 5.06–35.44%. The results of redundancy analysis and inhibition experiments collectively demonstrated the key role of EPFRs and •OH in reducing the bacterial alpha diversity. Specifically, EPFRs and •OH increased the stoichiometric imbalance by promoting the release of dissolved organic carbon and ammonium N, thus aggravating the P limitation in soil. This was further confirmed by increased alkaline phosphatase activity from 702 to 874 nmol g–1 h–1. The P limitation induced by EPFRs and •OH decreased the bacterial alpha diversity, as evidenced by the negative correlation between P limitation and bacterial alpha diversity (r 2 = −0.931 to −0.979, P < 0.01) and the structural equation model. The obtained results demonstrate a ubiquitous but previously overlooked mechanism for bacterial toxicity of biochar-associated free radicals, providing scientific guidance for safe utilization of biochar.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%