Toxicity and uptake of nitroguanidine in plants

Neonicotinoid Insecticides: Oxidative Stress in Planta and Metallo-oxidase Inhibition

“…However, it is not known whether compound 15 is formed in plants as a contributor to neonicotinoid effects. Different mechanisms are possibly involved in the phytotoxic effects of guanidine thiocyanate and nitroguanidine …”

Characterization of Fate and Biological Degradation Processes Attenuating IMX-101 Munition Constituents in the Environment

“…It is not expected that reduced concentrations of IMX-101 in these soils are from phytoremediation mechanisms, the detection of NQ and DNAN in root and shoot material suggests that phytoaccumulation of these compounds may be possible. NQ accumulation was seen to occur primarily in the shoot (includes leaves) portions, which was also seen by Heitholt et al (1990) -Measured removal -Attenuation mechanism Photodegradation (not assessed)…”

“…IMX-101 constituents provided as the sole nitrogen sources have also been shown to be degraded aerobically by microorganisms found in soils used in the previous section of this study. Very limited information has be conducted on the ability of plants to aid in the removal of IMX-101 constituents, however NQ has been shown to be translocate to the leaves of both tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and soybean (Glycine max) (Heitholt et al, 1990). It is therefore expected that some level of biological removal of IMX-101 compounds may occur in soils.…”

Biotransformation and photolysis of 2,4-dinitroanisole, 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, and nitroguanidine

“…56 Soil columns did not fully transform NQ and land application was discouraged by Williams et al 60 In terms of plant uptake and transformation, tall fescue and soybean took up NQ under hydroponic and soil conditions, with no transformation products detected. 57 We found that switchgrass took up NQ into the blades, with no transformation and a full mass balance (Appendix B).…”

“…53 The toxicity of NQ is low across the domains of life, from bacteria and aquatic invertebrates to plants and mammals. [54][55][56][57][58] Interestingly, photolysis increases the toxicity of NQ to fathead minnows, algae, and Daphnia magna, as well as to Ceriodaphnia dubia by 1000 times for yet unknown reasons. 38,55 In non-contaminated soil, slurries augmented with carbon induced complete NQ degradation in about six days, while adding carbon and nitrogen only produced moderate degradation.…”