Toxicity and removal of parabens from water: A critical review

Bolujoko, Nathaniel B.; Unuabonah, Emmanuel I.; Alfred, Moses O.; Ogunlaja, Aemere; Omorogie, Martins O.; Olukanni, Olumide D.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148092

Cited by 73 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…More research needs to be done to determine dermal adsorption rates in humans. The paper by Bolujoko et al (2021), provides an in‐depth review on the toxicity of parent paraben compounds.…”

Section: Paraben Toxicity and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying potential paraben transformation products and evaluating changes in toxicity as a result of transformation

Penrose

Cobb

2022

Water Environment Research

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Parabens are a class of compounds often used as preservatives in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and food. They have received attention recently due to findings that demonstrate estrogenic impacts and other adverse effects of parabens. Release into wastewater effluent is considered a major contributor to the spread of parabens into surface water. Current regulations in areas such as Japan, Europe, and Southeast Asia limit the concentrations of parabens that can be used in formulations but do not address concentrations discharged into waterbodies. Recent studies suggest that parent parabens are effectively eliminated by transformation during the wastewater treatment processes. Common tertiary treatments include ultrafiltration, chlorination, UV disinfection and ozonation. Ultrafiltration is used to remove solids before a disinfection step. Of the disinfection steps, ozonation is often the most effective at removing parabens. Not much is known about the toxicities of paraben transformation products. Of the transformation products, chlorinated parabens and PHBA are the most studied. Previous studies have shown that chlorinated parabens have greatly reduced estrogen agonistic activity when compared with the activity of parents. However, more recent studies have found that halogenated parabens actually have estrogen antagonistic activity. Further research involving chlorinated parabens could include other toxic endpoints. No known studies have evaluated adverse effects of oxygenated parabens. Parabens can interact with chlorine residues in the environment and form chlorinated products, this will occur at a faster rate during chlorination. Ozonation will oxidize parabens and UV disinfection can both oxidize and halogenate parabens. All studies determining potential transformation products have been done in laboratory settings or specific conditions. Further research is needed to determine if these transformations occur in situ. Practitioner Points• Common chemical processes utilized by wastewater treatment facilities are effective at transforming parabens. * WEF member.

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Section: Paraben Toxicity and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying potential paraben transformation products and evaluating changes in toxicity as a result of transformation

Penrose

Cobb

2022

Water Environment Research

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“…These pollutants usually get readily transformed into their precursor p ‐hydroxybenzoic acid through the activity of esterases found in living cells [56]. Despite these natural degrading properties, overexposure to parabens cause the accumulation of these compounds in the organism causing chronic toxicity [57].…”

Section: Cosmetic Chemical Pollutants Persistent In Natural Ecosystem...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae bioprocess to deal with cosmetic chemical pollutants in natural ecosystems: A comprehensive review

et al. 2021

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Elevated demand and extensive exploitation of cosmetics in day-to-day life have hiked up its industrial productions worldwide. Organic and inorganic chemicals like parabens, phthalates, sulfates, and so forth are being applied as constituents towards the formulations, which tend to be the mainspring ecological complication due to their enduring nature and accumulation properties in various sections of the ecosystem. These cosmetic chemicals get accrued into the terrestrial and aquatic systems on account of various anthropogenic activities involving agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and domestic effluents. Recently, the use of microbes for remediating persistent cosmetic chemicals has gained immense interest. Among different forms of the microbial community being applied as an environmental beneficiary, algae play a vital role in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by their biologically beneficial metabolites and molecules, resulting in the biobenign and efficacious consequences. The use of various bacterial, fungal, and higher plant species has been studied intensely for their bioremediation elements. The bioremediating property of the algal cells through biosorption, bioassimilation, biotransformation, and biodegradation has made it favorable for the removal of persistent and toxic pollutants from the environment. However, the research investigation concerned with the bioremediation potential of the algal kingdom is limited. This review summarizes and provides updated and comprehensive insights into the potential remediation capabilities of algal species against ecologically hazardous pollutants concerning cosmetic chemicals.

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“…Alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, also named parabens, are known as a class of commonly used preservatives, 1 and are widely used in the production of food, pharmaceuticals and personal care products due to their high stability over a wide pH range and the advantages of low toxicity, low cost and antiseptic effect. [2][3][4] Therefore, people will inevitably be exposed to parabens through foods, cosmetic products, environmental waters and other matrix samples. However, since the discovery of weak estrogenic activity of parabens by Routledge et al, 5 toxicological studies and potential disadvantages to human health due to parabens and their metabolites attracted public attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new magnetic ionic liquid based salting-out assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of parabens in environmental water samples

et al. 2022

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Toxicity and removal of parabens from water: A critical review

Cited by 73 publications

References 208 publications

Identifying potential paraben transformation products and evaluating changes in toxicity as a result of transformation

Identifying potential paraben transformation products and evaluating changes in toxicity as a result of transformation

Algae bioprocess to deal with cosmetic chemical pollutants in natural ecosystems: A comprehensive review

A new magnetic ionic liquid based salting-out assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of parabens in environmental water samples

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