Toxicity and phototoxicity in human ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelium cells of dyes commonly used in retinal surgery

Awad, Doaa; Wilińska, Joanna; Gousia, Dimitra; Shi, Xin; Eddous, Jnina; Müller, Arne; Wagner, Veit; Hillner, Charlie; Brannath, Werner; Mohr, Andreas; Gabel, Detlef

doi:10.1177/1120672118766446

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Only two cell culture experiments with the marketed formulation could be found. They indicated reduced viability of RPE cells after a long time exposure (30 min) and additional illumination [8]. Altered morphology of RPE cells was observed in all examinations with the combined dye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…3. Intensive light exposure, which cannot be avoided during surgery, may be a cause of additional harm to RPE cells [8] and should be analyzed further. 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 illustrates results of RPE culture experiments at dark (or low illumination) compared to the addition of artificial illumination, simulating surgical conditions. Awad et al [8] observed reduced cell viability 7 days after illumination of the cultures with white LED light. These cell cultures were in contact with 1.3 mg/ mL bromphenol bluethe same concentration that is marketed presentlyfor 30 min.…”

Section: Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Short Review on the Safety of Bromphenol Blue for Dye-Assisted Vitreoretinal Interventions

Gerding

2020

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd

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Bromphenol blue was approved for the intraoperative staining of the vitreous, epiretinal membranes, and internal limiting membrane of the retina several years ago. It has been marketed as a combined dye formulation of bromphenol blue (1.3 mg/mL) and brilliant blue G (0.25 mg/mL). So far, comprehensive information on preclinical and clinical safety data of bromphenol blue is lacking. A PubMed analysis of available literature was performed. Ten relevant publications on preclinical and clinical evaluations of bromphenol blue were found. It is striking that almost no safety data is available on the presently used clinical product. Current clinical use seems not completely be justified by scientific safety data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…3. Intensive light exposure, which cannot be avoided during surgery, may be a cause of additional harm to RPE cells [8] and should be analyzed further. 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Short Review on the Safety of Bromphenol Blue for Dye-Assisted Vitreoretinal Interventions

Gerding

2020

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd

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“…3C). This human pigment epithelial cell line has been used as a model to investigate the toxicity and phototoxicity of dyes due to its response to factors related to photoinduced macular degeneration, including photosensitized singlet oxygen formation (33). After incubation with the dye (10 M) for 24 hours, a single population of cells is found, in contrast with the at least two distinct cell populations observed when cells were incubated with 50 mM hydrogen peroxide for 5 hours (Fig.…”

Section: Toxicity and Potential Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A metal-free blue chromophore derived from plant pigments

et al. 2020

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Blue natural pigments are rare, especially among plants. However, flowering species that evolved to attract Hymenoptera pollinators are colored by blue anthocyanin-metal complexes. Plants lacking anthocyanins are pigmented by betalains but are unable to produce blue hues. By extending the π-system of betalains, we designed a photostable and metal-free blue dye named BeetBlue that did not show toxicity to human hepatic and retinal pigment epithelial cells and does not affect zebrafish embryonal development. This chiral dye can be conveniently synthesized from betalamic acid obtained from hydrolyzed red beetroot juice or by enzymatic oxidation of l-dopa. BeetBlue is blue in the solid form and in solution of acidified polar molecular solvents, including water. Its capacity to dye natural matrices makes BeetBlue the prototype of a new class of low-cost bioinspired chromophores suitable for a myriad of applications requiring a blue hue.

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“…Bromophenol Blue underwent extensive preclinical evaluation 95,97,108 and the blue dye results in moderate staining of ERM, ILM and vitreous. 89,109 Despite in vitro suggestion of delayed toxicity, 110 the dye has been investigated in humans without evident toxicity, 58,111 and is commercially available at a concentration of 1.3 mg/ml with BBG as Brilliant Peel Dual Dye® (Fluoron, Ulm, Germany).…”

Section: Investigational Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vital Dyes in Vitreomacular Surgery

Bracha¹,

Ciulla²,

Baumal³

2018

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina

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Vital dyes contain complex molecules with chromophores that stain living tissues and have greatly enhanced identification and removal of transparent vitreoretinal tissues during surgery. Several "chromovitrectomy" dyes are frequently used by vitreoretinal specialists, including indocyanine green, trypan blue, brilliant blue G and triamcinolone acetonide; other dyes are also under investigation. Currently available chromovitrectomy dyes have their limitations, and of particular concern is their possibility for acute and chronic toxicity to the neurosensory retina and retinal pigmented epithelium. The potentially irreversible acute toxicity and other limitations, such as lack of long-term safety profiles, highlight the need for a review of the current literature and for further advancements.

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Toxicity and phototoxicity in human ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelium cells of dyes commonly used in retinal surgery

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

A Short Review on the Safety of Bromphenol Blue for Dye-Assisted Vitreoretinal Interventions

A Short Review on the Safety of Bromphenol Blue for Dye-Assisted Vitreoretinal Interventions

A metal-free blue chromophore derived from plant pigments

Vital Dyes in Vitreomacular Surgery

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