Toxicity and molecular effects of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) on CYP1A, SOD, and GPx in Cyprinus carpio (common carp)

Abstract

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), a widely used plasticizer in the plastic industry, affects regulation of the endocrine system and causes toxicity in animals. In the present study, we evaluated a series of ecotoxicological stress biomarkers in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) as an experimental model to test for alterations in gene expression at a sublethal concentration of 1 mg/L DBP for 4, 24, and 96 h. In gills, an immediate increase in CYP1A messenger RNA (mRNA) levels was observed within the first 4 h and persisted for 96 h. Protein levels were nearly consistent with mRNA levels. However, a time-dependent inhibition was observed in CYP1A levels in the liver within 96 h. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels increased gradually in liver with exposure time to a maximum level of 11-fold. Varied responses of different tissues were likely due to xenobiotic metabolism of DBP. In conclusion, evaluating the tissue-specific alterations of CYP1A, SOD, and GPx levels can be used as specific and effective biomarkers for ecotoxicological monitoring of DBP pollution. We strongly recommend using molecular tools to ecotoxicologists for aquatic monitoring of newly emerging pollutants.

Protective Effect of Emblica officinalis in Cyprinus carpio against Hepatotoxicity Induced by Malachite Green: Ultrastructural and Molecular Analysis

“…The depressed CYP1A expression can be related to toxicant mediated inhibition of the gene activity [12]. Later, Dhamgaye et al [62] have reported MG as a substrate for CYP1A and credited the xenobiotic metabolism of MG into Leuco-MG (LMG) [63,64]. This LMG is accumulated in the tissues in conformity to present findings, illustrating the enhanced and prolonged MG toxicity.…”

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“…Differences in enzy me activity can be interpreted to accumulat ion of the OCPs and the other many xenobiotics on sediment and also in fish tissues. Similar studies with our study were done in terms of enzyme act ivity changes for carp in Turkey (Ozmen et al 2006;Gungordu and Ozmen 2011;Karaca et al 2014;Agus et al 2015).…”

Sand Goby—An Ecologically Relevant Species for Behavioural Ecotoxicology

“…For all three tested compounds, we were able to establish dose-response relationships between each single locomotion variable and the toxicant exposure gradient. The observed behavioural changes were in line with previously published sublethal toxicity margins [71][72][73][74]. The observed toxicant-induced locomotive disturbances support the use of locomotion-based endpoints for sublethal toxicity screening.…”