Toxicity and metabolism of a new insect repellant N,N-diethylphenylacetamide in mice, rats and guinea pigs on cutaneous application

Acute Toxicity Studies of Safer and More Effective Analogues of N,N-Diethyl-2-Phenylacetamide

“…Serum urea measures kidney function. The values reported here are within serum urea ranges reported in the literature (Rao et al 1989). A slight difference was observed in the total protein levels after dermal application of all compounds.…”

“…The symptoms of poisoning at high doses observed in rats and mice were essentially similar to those described by Rao et al (1987Rao et al ( , 1989 with ethanolic and undiluted DEPA. These symptoms included hyperactivity, bleeding through the mouth, asphyxia convulsions, coma, and death.…”

“…Species differences in acute oral toxicity and dermal toxicity data of the aromatic amides might be related to differences in the chemical penetration rates. This may have resulted because of the thicknesses of the stratum corneum in mice is about one-third of that of rats (Rao et al 1989).…”

“…Adverse reactions to DEET have been reported necessitating the search for new and improved repellents (Rao et al 1988, Robbins et al 1986. N,N-diethyl-2-phenylacetamide (DEPA) has been reported to be an effective repellent against a number of insects, namely mosquitoes, black ßies, rat ßeas, and stable ßies that are all of public health and veterinary importance (Kalyanasundaram 1982, Kalyanasundaram and Mathew 2006, Kumar et al 1984, Mathur et al 1986, Rao et al 1989. Extensive toxicological studies of DEPA have been reported from Defense Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior (Deb et al 2010).…”

Acute Toxicity Studies of Safer and More Effective Analogues of N,N-Diethyl-2-Phenylacetamide

“…Serum urea measures kidney function. The values reported here are within serum urea ranges reported in the literature (Rao et al 1989). A slight difference was observed in the total protein levels after dermal application of all compounds.…”

“…The symptoms of poisoning at high doses observed in rats and mice were essentially similar to those described by Rao et al (1987Rao et al ( , 1989 with ethanolic and undiluted DEPA. These symptoms included hyperactivity, bleeding through the mouth, asphyxia convulsions, coma, and death.…”

“…Species differences in acute oral toxicity and dermal toxicity data of the aromatic amides might be related to differences in the chemical penetration rates. This may have resulted because of the thicknesses of the stratum corneum in mice is about one-third of that of rats (Rao et al 1989).…”

“…Adverse reactions to DEET have been reported necessitating the search for new and improved repellents (Rao et al 1988, Robbins et al 1986. N,N-diethyl-2-phenylacetamide (DEPA) has been reported to be an effective repellent against a number of insects, namely mosquitoes, black ßies, rat ßeas, and stable ßies that are all of public health and veterinary importance (Kalyanasundaram 1982, Kalyanasundaram and Mathew 2006, Kumar et al 1984, Mathur et al 1986, Rao et al 1989. Extensive toxicological studies of DEPA have been reported from Defense Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior (Deb et al 2010).…”

The scent of age

“…It is known that some insect repellants (Qiu & Jun 1996), muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists (Mitsuya et al 1999) and anticoagulants (Su et al 2001) are derived from 2-phenylacetamide. In addition, this compound has been observed in urine of mice treated with the cutaneous insect repellant N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA) (Rao et al 1989). In our study, however, we used pathogen-free mice that were bred and housed in our sterile animal facility.…”

Acute Toxicity Studies of Safer and More Effective Analogues of N,N-Diethyl-2-Phenylacetamide

“…Serum urea measures kidney function. The values reported here are within serum urea ranges reported in the literature (Rao et al 1989). A slight difference was observed in the total protein levels after dermal application of all compounds.…”

“…The symptoms of poisoning at high doses observed in rats and mice were essentially similar to those described by Rao et al (1987Rao et al ( , 1989 with ethanolic and undiluted DEPA. These symptoms included hyperactivity, bleeding through the mouth, asphyxia convulsions, coma, and death.…”

“…Species differences in acute oral toxicity and dermal toxicity data of the aromatic amides might be related to differences in the chemical penetration rates. This may have resulted because of the thicknesses of the stratum corneum in mice is about one-third of that of rats (Rao et al 1989).…”

“…Adverse reactions to DEET have been reported necessitating the search for new and improved repellents (Rao et al 1988, Robbins et al 1986. N,N-diethyl-2-phenylacetamide (DEPA) has been reported to be an effective repellent against a number of insects, namely mosquitoes, black ßies, rat ßeas, and stable ßies that are all of public health and veterinary importance (Kalyanasundaram 1982, Kalyanasundaram and Mathew 2006, Kumar et al 1984, Mathur et al 1986, Rao et al 1989. Extensive toxicological studies of DEPA have been reported from Defense Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior (Deb et al 2010).…”

The scent of age

“…It is known that some insect repellants (Qiu & Jun 1996), muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists (Mitsuya et al 1999) and anticoagulants (Su et al 2001) are derived from 2-phenylacetamide. In addition, this compound has been observed in urine of mice treated with the cutaneous insect repellant N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA) (Rao et al 1989). In our study, however, we used pathogen-free mice that were bred and housed in our sterile animal facility.…”

Acute Toxicity Studies of Safer and More Effective Analogues of N,N-Diethyl-2-Phenylacetamide

“…Serum urea measures kidney function. The values reported here are within serum urea ranges reported in the literature (Rao et al 1989). A slight difference was observed in the total protein levels after dermal application of all compounds.…”

“…The symptoms of poisoning at high doses observed in rats and mice were essentially similar to those described by Rao et al (1987Rao et al ( , 1989 with ethanolic and undiluted DEPA. These symptoms included hyperactivity, bleeding through the mouth, asphyxia convulsions, coma, and death.…”

“…Species differences in acute oral toxicity and dermal toxicity data of the aromatic amides might be related to differences in the chemical penetration rates. This may have resulted because of the thicknesses of the stratum corneum in mice is about one-third of that of rats (Rao et al 1989).…”

“…Adverse reactions to DEET have been reported necessitating the search for new and improved repellents (Rao et al 1988, Robbins et al 1986. N,N-diethyl-2-phenylacetamide (DEPA) has been reported to be an effective repellent against a number of insects, namely mosquitoes, black ßies, rat ßeas, and stable ßies that are all of public health and veterinary importance (Kalyanasundaram 1982, Kalyanasundaram and Mathew 2006, Kumar et al 1984, Mathur et al 1986, Rao et al 1989. Extensive toxicological studies of DEPA have been reported from Defense Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior (Deb et al 2010).…”

The scent of age

“…It is known that some insect repellants (Qiu & Jun 1996), muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists (Mitsuya et al 1999) and anticoagulants (Su et al 2001) are derived from 2-phenylacetamide. In addition, this compound has been observed in urine of mice treated with the cutaneous insect repellant N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA) (Rao et al 1989). In our study, however, we used pathogen-free mice that were bred and housed in our sterile animal facility.…”