Toxicity and Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Ecosystem from Tannery Wastewater: A Review

Abstract

The discharge of untreated tannery wastewater containing biotoxic substances of heavy metals in the ecosystem is one of the most important environmental and health challenges in our society. Hence, there is a growing need for the development of novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach for the remediation of inorganic metals (Cr, Hg, Cd, and Pb) released into the environment and to safeguard the ecosystem. In this regard, recent advances in microbes-base heavy metal have propelled bioremediation as a prospective alternative to conventional techniques. Heavy metals are nonbiodegradable and could be toxic to microbes. Several microorganisms have evolved to develop detoxification mechanisms to counter the toxic effects of these inorganic metals. This present review offers a critical evaluation of bioremediation capacity of microorganisms, especially in the context of environmental protection. Furthermore, this article discussed the biosorption capacity with respect to the use of bacteria, fungi, biofilm, algae, genetically engineered microbes, and immobilized microbial cell for the removal of heavy metals. The use of biofilm has showed synergetic effects with many fold increase in the removal of heavy metals as sustainable environmental technology in the near future.

Microbial Genes Involved in the Aromatic Compound Degradation Deciphered Through Metagenomics Analysis of Industrial Wastewater.

“…This might be due to its bioaccumulation inside the bacterial cells or binding with lipopolysaccharides of the extracellular membranes [14]. The microorganisms belonging to Pseudomonas, Desulfuromonas has been reported for reducing metals to less or nontoxic metals [15]. However, the Cu concentration was slightly higher in the nal outlet as compared to other sampling point that might be due to induction of corrosion with copper plumbing.…”

Protein profiling of metal‐resistantBacillus cereusVITSH1

“…The biodiversity around the contaminated area is markedly reduced (Xie et al ) and only some organism adapt to the changes in the stressed environment. Studying the changes in the organisms could help in establishing the probable resistant mechanism based on which the bacteria could be exploited in bioremediation of metals, in improving the plant growth in metal contaminated sites, in the construction of metal‐based biosensors, as indicators of pollution and in the synthesis of nanoparticles (Ayangbenro and Babalola ; Igiri et al ).…”

“…In (b), control without metal; copper 50 mg l À1 ; copper 300 mg l À1 ; cadmium 40 mg l À1 ; cadmium 60 mg l À1 . of metals, in improving the plant growth in metal contaminated sites, in the construction of metal-based biosensors, as indicators of pollution and in the synthesis of nanoparticles (Ayangbenro and Babalola 2017;Igiri et al 2018). Metals can be classified as hard, borderline and soft (Pearson 1963).…”

A Rapid and High Throughput MIC Determination Method to Screen Uranium Resistant Microorganisms

“…Heavy metals, such as uranium (U), continue to accumulate in the environment and eventually contaminate the food web, presenting serious public health concerns [1][2][3]. Despite the toxicity imposed by exposure to heavy metals, microorganisms like bacteria, yeast, and fungi have recruited molecular mechanisms to not only tolerate or resist heavy metals, but also reduce environmental toxicity by immobilization of the metals [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Thus, microbially mediated decontamination of the environment is a promising approach [11,12].…”