2020
DOI: 10.1002/etc.4842
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Toxicities of Neonicotinoid‐Containing Pesticide Mixtures on Nontarget Organisms

Abstract: Neonicotinoids are a widely used class of pesticides. Co-exposure to neonicotinoids and other classes of pesticides can exert potentiating or synergistic effects, and these mixtures have been detected in human bodily fluids. The present review summarizes studies into the effects of neonicotinoid-containing pesticide mixtures on humans and other nontarget organisms. Exposure to these mixtures has been reported to result in reproductive and hormonal toxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immu… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Neonicotinoid insecticides (neonics) are one of the most used classes of insecticides worldwide for pest control in residential and agricultural fields [ 1 , 2 ]. They appeared in the 1990s, reaching a market share of more than 25% of the global insecticides sales in 2014, with an annual global sale of more than $3.5 billion [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Neonicotinoid insecticides (neonics) are one of the most used classes of insecticides worldwide for pest control in residential and agricultural fields [ 1 , 2 ]. They appeared in the 1990s, reaching a market share of more than 25% of the global insecticides sales in 2014, with an annual global sale of more than $3.5 billion [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid exhibit the same cloropyridine moiety as nicotine, whereas thiamethoxam comprises a clorothiazole group [ 2 ]. Neonics can be classified into three main groups, namely N-nitroguanidines that include, for example, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, nitromethylenes, and N-cyanoamidines, which comprises, for instance, acetamiprid [ 3 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The shorter the t 1/2 , the higher the migration rate of pesticides Zhao et al (2020) External factors…”
Section: K Owmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…g., bees(Peterson et al, 2021a;Zhao et al, 2020); butter ies(Bargar et al, 2020); and other pollinating insects(Peterson et al, 2021c)) is well documented. For example, Osmia lignaria (blue orchard mason bee) experience toxic effects from a variety of pesticides11 that have been detected in fugitive beef cattle feedyard PM(Peterson et al, 2020(Peterson et al, , 2021a.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%