Toxicities of Influenza Vaccine: Peripheral Leukocytic Response to Live and Inactivated Influenza Viruses in Mice

Kurokawa, Masami; Ishida, Susumu; Asakawa, Sadao; Iwasa, Saburo; Goto, Nobuichi; Kuratsuka, Kazuo

doi:10.7883/yoken1952.28.37

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(10 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Granuloma was also found in the injection site and lungs of rabbits injected intramuscularly with influenza adjuvant vaccines (Kurokawa et al, 1967). The present experiment disclosed that granulomatous reaction of rabbits at the infection site was, primarily atypical.…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

Comparative Studies on Effects of Incomplete Oil Adjuvants With Different Physical Properties

Goto

1978

JJMSB

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY:The author investigated the effects of Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) with different physical properties on precipitin formation and skin hyperreactivity in rabbits and mice following intramuscular injection of ovalbumin (OA) with the adjuvant. Histopathological changes in the injection site and in some visceral organs were also examined. The observation periods after the injection for mice and rabbits were 20 and 28 weeks, respectively.In contrast to the most reports, FIA of both imperfectly emulsified-water-in-oil (W/O II) and oil-in-water (O/W) types were sometimes equivalent or superior to perfectly emulsified water-in-oil (W/O I) type FIA in the enhancing effects on precipitin formation both in rabbits and mice. The skin displayed the immediate type hypersensitivity reaction to OA throughout the observation period irrespective of the type of adj uvant. The O/W type often caused significantly stronger skin hyperreactivity than the other types.Histopathological findings in the injection site indicated that the abscess formation in rabbits was severer than that in mice, and that the O/W type induced the severest abscess. No relation was found between free fatty acid contents of adjuvant emulsion and abscess formation in either animal species. Granuloma formation in mice was always severer than that in rabbits. The O/W type caused extremely weak granuloma in mice, and none in rabbits. Histopathological changes in main visceral organs, being dependent on the emulsion type, were also discussed.

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 58%

Comparative Studies on Effects of Incomplete Oil Adjuvants With Different Physical Properties

Goto

1978

JJMSB

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Decreased peripheral lymphocyte and leucocyte counts in patients with influenza have been described in the Spanish influenza outbreak that occurred early in the 20th century and are considered a marker of poor prognosis [1]. Experimental or natural infection with influenza virus in humans [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and animals [11][12][13][14][15] resulted in lymphocytopenia, which was observed mainly in active phase (days 1-3) and was related to the severity of the influenza symptoms. T cells, but not NK cells, were involved in lymphocytopenia with impaired proliferative response after stimulation with mitogens [2,4,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reduction in the number of peripheral CD28+CD8+T cells in the acute phase of influenza

Nabeshima

Murata

Kikuchi

et al. 2002

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Influenza patients show a high incidence of T lymphocytopenia in the acute phase of the illness. Since CD8+ T cells play an important role in influenza virus infection, we investigated which subset of CD8+ T cells was involved in this lymphocytopenia. CD8+ T cells from eight patients with influenza A were studied for lymphocyte count, surface marker, and intracellular IFN-γ production in the acute (days 1–3) and recovery phases (days 9–12). Total and T lymphocyte counts in the acute phase were approximately three times less than in the recovery phase; however, the CD4/8 ratio was the same in both phases. The cell count reduction in the acute phase was attributed predominantly to the CD28+ CD8+ subset, compared with the CD28− CD8+ subset. The memory/activation marker CD45RO on the CD8+ T cells was assessed. The CD28+ CD45RO− subset, a naive phenotype, was reduced significantly in number in the acute phase compared with the recovery phase. The CD28+ CD45RO+ subset, a memory phenotype, was also reduced in the acute phase, but the reduction was not statistically significant. Intracellular IFN-γ in the CD8+ subset after mitogenic stimulation was measured by flow cytometry; the percentage of CD28+ IFN-γ−/CD8+ subset in the acute phase was significantly less than in the recovery phase. These results indicated that the predominant reduction of peripheral CD8+ T cells in the acute phase of influenza was from naive-type lymphocytes, suggesting that these quantitative and qualitative changes of CD8+ T cells in influenza are important for understanding the immunological pathogenesis.

show abstract

“…The pyrogen test and the test for mouse body weight decreasing toxicity have been implemented for bulk materials or final products of IHA vaccine in Japanese MR (12). Two different kinds of pyrogenic substances have been reported to possibly contaminate IHA vaccines (8). One is bacterial endotoxin and the other is a substance that causes leukopoenia in mice at about 5 hr after injection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is bacterial endotoxin and the other is a substance that causes leukopoenia in mice at about 5 hr after injection. The latter pyrogen is known to be inactivated by a formaldehyde treatment for practical IHA vaccines (8). Therefore endotoxin is assumed to be the most important substance for controlling the pyrogenicity of the vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate Activating Activity (LAL Activity) That Lacks Biological Activities of Endotoxin Found in Biological Products

Ochiai

Tamura

Yamamoto

et al. 2002

Microbiology and Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pyrogenic substances in influenza HA (IHA) vaccine have been controlled by the pyrogen test or the mouse body weight decreasing toxicity (BWD) test. We examined the possibility of replacing the animal tests with the endotoxin test. Commercial IHA vaccines were found to show considerable levels of LAL activity ranging from 0.2 to 160 EU/ml. However, a batch of the vaccine having even 100 EU/ml of LAL activity showed neither pyrogenicity in rabbits nor tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) induction in RAW264.7 cells. The LAL activity of IHA vaccine was abolished by a monoclonal antibody that recognizes LPS‐binding epitope of LAL factor C. The activity of IHA vaccine showed different physicochemical properties from those of LAL activity of endotoxin. LAL activity of endotoxin is known to be sensitive to polymyxin B treatment and was found to be resistant to polyoxyethylene 10 cetyl ether (Brij56) treatment. On the contrary, the LAL activity of IHA vaccine was shown to be resistant to polymyxin B but sensitive to Brij56 treatment. The difference in sensitivity of the two LAL activities to polymyxin B and Brij56 might suggest the possibility of their discriminative measurements.

show abstract

Toxicities of Influenza Vaccine: Peripheral Leukocytic Response to Live and Inactivated Influenza Viruses in Mice

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Comparative Studies on Effects of Incomplete Oil Adjuvants With Different Physical Properties

Comparative Studies on Effects of Incomplete Oil Adjuvants With Different Physical Properties

A reduction in the number of peripheral CD28+CD8+T cells in the acute phase of influenza

A Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate Activating Activity (LAL Activity) That Lacks Biological Activities of Endotoxin Found in Biological Products

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About