Toxicities of Copper, Zinc, and Cadmium Mixtures to Juvenile Chinook Salmon

Finlayson, Brian; Verrue, K. M.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1982)111<645:toczac>2.0.co;2

Cited by 65 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In addition, our results can also be taken as evidence for the fact that the kind of interaction may, at least in part, depend on the ratio of the metals. This is also demonstrated by the results of Finlayson and Verrue (1982) and Gill et al (1992). Exposure of the Ame rican eel ( Anguilla rostratd) to 75 fug I"1 Cd resulted in an increased Cu concentration in the kidney, while exposure to 150 jug I"1 Cd decreased the Cu-content of the kidney (Gill et al, 1992).…”

Section: Interactions Between Cu and CD During Combined Exposurementioning

confidence: 53%

Interactions between copper and cadmium during single and combined exposure in juvenile tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus: Influence of feeding condition on whole body metal accumulation and the effect of the metals on tissue water and ion content

et al. 1994

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Aquatic Toxicology 30 (1994) 117-135 ; Interactions between copper and cadmium during single and combined exposure in juvenile tilapia O r e o c h r o m i s m o s s a m b i c u s :Influence of feeding condition on whole body metal accumulation and the effect of the metals on tissue water and ion content AbstractJuvenile tilapia (Oreochromis mossamhicus) were exposed for 96 h to ranges of sublethal concentrations of Cu or Cd, under both fed and non-fed conditions. Exposure to one metal (Cu or Cd) not only resulted in an increased whole body content of the metal exposed to, but also influenced the concentration of the other metal present in the fish. Furthermore, the total amount of Cu and Cd accumulated during exposure to heavy metals was influenced by the nutritional state of the fish. Besides exposure to either Cu or Cd, fish were also exposed to mixtures of Cu and Cd. Results indicated that accumulation during Cu/Cd co-exposure cannot be predicted by simple addition of the effects of single metal exposures. Obviously, complex interaction mechanisms are involved, as was concluded e.g. from the significantly decreased whole body Cd-content of Cu/Cd-co-exposed fish compared to the Cd-content of Cd-exposed fish. This phenomenon was observed in both fed and non-fed fish. Because ionic homeostasis is known to be affected by heavy metals, in this study also whole body water, calcium and sodium content in Cu and/or Cd-exposed fish were determined. The results indicate that also with respect to these parameters the two metals interact. The effects on water and ion appear to be dissociated. The data reveal previously unrecognized effects of interaction of the metals on whole body metal content, water and ion regulation.

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Section: Interactions Between Cu and CD During Combined Exposurementioning

confidence: 53%

Interactions between copper and cadmium during single and combined exposure in juvenile tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus: Influence of feeding condition on whole body metal accumulation and the effect of the metals on tissue water and ion content

et al. 1994

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“…Wastewater discharges into natural systems, however, often release multiple metals at sublethal levels in compliance with regulatory guidelines (Mance, 1987;USEPA, 1986). Of the limited studies that have been done on metal mixtures many have focused on acute toxicity of the mixture as compared with single metals (Buhl and Hamilton, 1990;Finlayson and Verrue, 1982;Hickie et al, 1993). Studies that have examined physiological, rather than survival, endpoints have been confined mainly to measuring changes in tissue metal concentrations and levels of metallothionein (MT), a protein that binds certain transition metals (Marr et al, 1995;Roch and McCarter, 1984a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Physiological Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Exposure to Copper and Copper/Zinc Mixtures

Dethloff

Schlenk

Hamm

et al. 1999

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Therefore, when expressed as Zn toxicity, the LC50 for the mixture fell within the range of LC50 values obtained in Zn‐only tests in both species. Although we cannot conclusively determine which metal was responsible for toxicity in our mixture test, Finlayson and Verrue [19] have also shown that Zn dominates toxicity in Zn and Cd mixtures. In their study, Finlayson and Verrue observed similar LC50 values for Zn when Zn was the only toxicant and when Zn was mixed with Cd in a 125:1 (Zn:Cd) ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Chapman [26] observed 200‐h LC50s for rainbow trout at pH 7.1 and 23 mg/L hardness from 0.9 to 1.3 μg Cd/L, depending on fish size. Finlayson and Verrue [19] observed a 96‐h LC50 of 1.1 μg Cd/L in tests with chinook salmon in pH 7.1, 21 mg/L hardness water. The 120‐h LC50s for rainbow trout exposed to Zn in our study ranged from 24 to 53 μg Zn/L in water with pH 7.5 and 30 mg/L hardness and ranged from 109 to 124 μg Zn/L in water with pH 6.5 and 30 mg/L hardness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative sensitivity of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to acute exposures of cadmium and zinc

Hansen

Welsh

Lipton

et al. 2002

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) were recently listed as threatened in the United States under the federal Endangered Species Act. Present and historical habitat of this species includes waterways that have been impacted by metals released from mining and mineral processing activities. We conducted paired bioassays with bull trout and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to examine the relative sensitivity of each species to Cd and Zn independently and as a mixture. A total of 15 pairs of acute toxicity bioassays were completed to evaluate the effects of different water hardness (30 or 90 mg/L as CaCO3), pH (6.5 or 7.5), and temperature (8 or 12 degrees C) on Cd and Zn toxicity. For both species, the acute toxicity of both Cd and Zn was greater than previously observed in laboratory studies. Bull trout were about twice as tolerant of Cd and about 50% more tolerant of Zn than were rainbow trout. Higher hardness and lower pH water produced lower toxicity and slower rates of toxicity in both species. Elevated temperature significantly increased the sensitivity of bull trout to Zn but decreased the sensitivity (not significantly) of rainbow trout to Zn. At a hardness of 30 mg/L, the toxicity values (i.e., median lethal concentration; 120-h LC50) for both species were lower than the current U.S. national water quality criteria for protection of aquatic life, indicating that current national criteria may not be protective of sensitive salmonids--including the threatened bull trout--in low calcium waters.

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Toxicities of Copper, Zinc, and Cadmium Mixtures to Juvenile Chinook Salmon

Cited by 65 publications

References 9 publications

Interactions between copper and cadmium during single and combined exposure in juvenile tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus: Influence of feeding condition on whole body metal accumulation and the effect of the metals on tissue water and ion content

Interactions between copper and cadmium during single and combined exposure in juvenile tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus: Influence of feeding condition on whole body metal accumulation and the effect of the metals on tissue water and ion content

Alterations in Physiological Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Exposure to Copper and Copper/Zinc Mixtures

Relative sensitivity of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to acute exposures of cadmium and zinc

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