Toxic Shock Syndrome and the Vaginal Contraceptive Sponge

Faich, Gerald A.; Pearson, Kay; Fleming, David W.; Sobel, Solomon; Anello, Charles

doi:10.1097/00006254-198605000-00019

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Non-menstrual toxic shock syndrome has been reported with prolonged use of contraceptive diaphragm or sponge [48], after delivery, laser therapy for condylomata acuminatum [49] and non-gynaecological surgery.…”

Section: Toxic Shock Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Gynaecological Emergencies

Abam¹

2015

Contemporary Gynecologic Practice

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Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/59107 . IntroductionGynaecological emergencies are disease conditions of the female reproductive system that threaten the life of the woman, her sexual function and the perpetuation of her fertility.Common gynaecological emergencies present as acute abdomen, abnormal vaginal bleeding, or a combination of both, and are often related to early pregnancy complications, pelvic inflammatory disease PID and contraceptive issues.Some hospitals, mostly in the developed world, have specialist Emergency Gynaecology Units that provide fast intervention for acute gynaecological problems, such as pelvic pain, severe menorrhagia, vulvar problems, acute PID, hyperemesis gravidarum and post gynaecology surgical problems. These units are often manned by specialist nurses, sonologists and an oncall gynaecology medical team headed by a consultant gynaecologist. The aim of such a unit is to deliver adequate healthcare quickly, thus reducing the possible complications, and in so doing reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with such cases."dvances in sonography, biochemical pregnancy testing, minimal access surgery and new antibiotics have led to early diagnosis of these conditions and adoption of more conservative approaches to treatment.The basic objective of this chapter is to have an overview of these emergency gynaecological conditions on an individual basis, and their management. The management of these cases often requires history taking, clinical examination, investigations, both general and specific, and instituting the required treatment plan. Time is of the essence in these cases and so often there is an overlap in the management steps, with some requiring immediate resuscitation.

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Section: Toxic Shock Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Gynaecological Emergencies

Abam¹

2015

Contemporary Gynecologic Practice

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“…It is not clear whether this increased risk results from leaving tampons in the vagina longer or from some as yet undetermined factor (see "Pathogenic Model" below). There is also clear evidence of an increased TSS risk associated with various methods of barrier contraception (6,28,55,59,81,96,191).…”

Section: Epidemiology Association With Menstruation and Tampon Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic shock syndrome.

Todd¹

1988

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

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“…TSS is subdivided into two major categories: non-menstrual TSS that occurs during the course of suppurative staphylococcal infections [5], and menstrual toxic shock syndrome (MTSS) that occurs in young women with vaginal colonization of TSST-1-producing S. aureus and who use tampons [6,7] or other intra-vaginal devices [8,9]. MTSS received attention in the early 1980s, upon the description of cases and deaths among healthy women using tampons made of high-absorbency carboxymethylcellulose fibers [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of characteristics of tampon use with menstrual toxic shock syndrome in France

et al. 2020

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Background: Menstrual tampons are widely used in western countries. Indirect evidence suggests that tampon misuse could be associated with an increased risk of menstrual toxic shock syndrome (MTSS). The aim of this study was to determine what characteristics of tampon use are associated with increased risk of menstrual toxic shock syndrome (MTSS). Methods: A nationwide, case-control study in France, was conducted with women that use tampons with MTSS diagnoses according to the CDC diagnostic criteria (n = 55, from January 2011, to December 2017) and a control group of women with no MTSS history (n = 126, from February to December 2017). Information regarding tampon use during a 6-month period was collected. Associations between tampon use and MTSS were assessed using logistic regression models stratified by residential area. Findings: Compared to controls, women diagnosed with MTSS more frequently reported maximum tampon wear of >6 h (62% vs. 41%; P = 0.02), overnight tampon use (77% vs. 54%; P = 0.006), and neither read nor followed tampon instructions in case of reading (65% vs. 42%; P = 0.006). In univariate analysis, MTSS risk was two-fold higher with tampon use for >6 consecutive hours (odds ratio, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.2À4.5]), and three-fold higher with tampon use during sleep for >8 h (odds ratio, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.4À7.7]). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only maximum tampon use for >6 h (odds ratio, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.04À3.98]), and neither read nor followed the tampon instructions in case of reading (odds ratio, 2.25 [95% CI, 1.15À4.39]) were independently associated with MTSS. Interpretation: Our study suggests that the risk of MTSS was associated with using tampons for more than 6 h, overnight tampon use during sleep, and neither read nor followed tampon insertion instructions in case of reading. Funding: LABEX ECOFECT (ANR-11-LABX-0048) of Universit e de Lyon within the programme "Investissements d'Avenir" (ANR-11-IDEX-0007) operated by the French National Research Agency (ANR).

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Toxic Shock Syndrome and the Vaginal Contraceptive Sponge

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Overview of Gynaecological Emergencies

Overview of Gynaecological Emergencies

Toxic shock syndrome.

Association of characteristics of tampon use with menstrual toxic shock syndrome in France

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