1990
DOI: 10.1021/bk-1990-0425.ch001
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Toxic Potency of Fire Smoke

Abstract: Accurate measurement of the toxic potency of smoke is a key to reducing human life loss in fires.This paper summarizes the approaches taken in measuring toxic potency and highlights four needed issues still to be researched. Direct comparison of only toxic potency values is not a valid means of determining the fire safety of materials and is not sufficient for evaluating fire hazard. The paper describes the N-Gas Model (a new method of assessing toxic potency) and two approaches (in which toxic potency is one … Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…The current N-Gas Model [ 15 – 18 ] equation is based on the studies at NIST of the toxicological interactions of six gases, CO, CO 2 , HCN, reduced O 2 , HCl, and HBr, and is used to estimate the amount of material (either loaded or consumed) necessary to produce an LC 50 for a 30 min exposure or a 30 min exposure plus a 14 d post-exposure period. LC 50 values for other exposure times can also be used.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The current N-Gas Model [ 15 – 18 ] equation is based on the studies at NIST of the toxicological interactions of six gases, CO, CO 2 , HCN, reduced O 2 , HCl, and HBr, and is used to estimate the amount of material (either loaded or consumed) necessary to produce an LC 50 for a 30 min exposure or a 30 min exposure plus a 14 d post-exposure period. LC 50 values for other exposure times can also be used.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The N-Gas Model has been developed into an N-Gas Method for predicting the concentration of material which would produce an LC 50 [ 15 , 16 ]. This method reduces the time necessary to evaluate a material and the number of test animals needed for the toxic potency determination.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are essentially two experimental approaches used to assess smoke toxicity: the analytical chemical method and the animal exposure test [eg. [6][7][8][9]. The chemical approach involves using analytical techniques such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify all the compounds and their concentrations in the smoke.…”
Section: Smoke Toxicity Test Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…El 25 % de las muertes provocadas por el fuego se debe a que las personas permanecen atrapadas en los edificios (15): la mayoría de las víctimas son menores de 15 o mayores de 65 años. No solamente en las construcciones civiles el fuego genera importantes problemas, ya que en barcos, estructuras costa afuera, plantas petroquímicas, etc.…”
Section: Tratamiento Ignífugo De Maderas ► María Laura Tonellounclassified
“…La toxicidad de los productos y gases de combustión se define co mo el efecto pernicioso de éstos en un sistema biológico, pudiendo ma nifestarse a corto o largo término (15). La toxicidad indirecta de los ga ses de combustión representa la ausencia o la presencia en cantidades insuficientes de elementos esenciales para las funciones vitales mien tras que la toxicidad directa determina la presencia de ciertos elemen tos que en cantidades suficientes, impiden igualmente las funciones hu manas vitales (18).…”
Section: Características De La Respuesta a La Reacción Al Fuegounclassified