Toxic Plants and Phytochemicals

Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Thomas, S. Alan; Nwosu, Onyeka Kingsley; Oriyomi, Olumayowa Vincent; Kryeziu, Toskë L.; Kaliyaperumal, Saravanan; Ifemeje, Jonathan C.

doi:10.1201/9780429426193-23

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Some natural bioactive chemicals are produced by plants and marine organisms to protect them against predators due to their poisonous nature [ 212 , 213 ]. With the growing interest in medicinal plants, there is a need for more rigorous scientific research into their usefulness and toxicity.…”

Section: Safety Concerns Of Applying Some Natural Products For Clinic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Natural Products in Preventing Bone Diseases

Okagu

Ezeorba

Aguchem

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The drugs used for treating bone diseases (BDs), at present, elicit hazardous side effects that include certain types of cancers and strokes, hence the ongoing quest for the discovery of alternatives with little or no side effects. Natural products (NPs), mainly of plant origin, have shown compelling promise in the treatments of BDs, with little or no side effects. However, the paucity in knowledge of the mechanisms behind their activities on bone remodeling has remained a hindrance to NPs’ adoption. This review discusses the pathological development of some BDs, the NP-targeted components, and the actions exerted on bone remodeling signaling pathways (e.g., Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κ B-ligand (RANKL)/monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)/osteoprotegerin (OPG), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)s/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2)-Wnt/β-catenin, PhosphatidylInositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta (GSK3β), and other signaling pathways). Although majority of the studies on the osteoprotective properties of NPs against BDs were conducted ex vivo and mostly on animals, the use of NPs for treating human BDs and the prospects for future development remain promising.

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Section: Safety Concerns Of Applying Some Natural Products For Clinic...mentioning

confidence: 99%