Toxic or Not Toxic, That Is the Carbon Quantum Dot’s Question: A Comprehensive Evaluation with Zebrafish Embryo, Eleutheroembryo, and Adult Models

Chung, Chih-Yu; Chen, Yu‐Ju; Kang, Chia-Hui; Lin, Hung-Yun; Huang, Chih‐Ching; Hsu, Pang-Hung; Lin, Han‐Jia

doi:10.3390/polym13101598

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Cytotoxicity of CdSe, CdTe, and InP was based on four QD formulations, including CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs that have been modified with mercaptopropionic acid (CdSe-MPA) and CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs encapsulated in PEGylated phospholipid (CdSe-Phos), and they were investigated. Surprisingly, two cancer cells—neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and stomach adenocarcinoma (BGC-823)—exhibited various cytotoxic responses [ 120 ]. This study thereby brings vital insights to the reality that a combination of factors from the particle compositions and the level of cellular absorption determine the toxicity of QDs rather than being simply dependent on one factor.…”

Section: Challenges and Opportunities Of Cds: Safety Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dots: Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Therapy

2023

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Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have been actively studied and reported for their various properties. In particular, the specific characteristics of carbon dots have been considered as a possible technique for cancer diagnosis and therapy. This is also a cutting-edge technology that offers fresh ideas for treating various disorders. Though carbon dots are still in their infancy and have not yet shown their value to society, their discovery has already resulted in some noteworthy advancements. The application of CDs indicates conversion in natural imaging. Photography using CDs has demonstrated extraordinary appropriateness in bio-imaging, the discovery of novel drugs, the delivery of targeted genes, bio-sensing, photodynamic therapy, and diagnosis. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of CDs, including their benefits, characteristics, applications, and mode of action. In this overview, many CD design strategies will be highlighted. In addition, we will discuss numerous studies on cytotoxic testing to demonstrate the safety of CDs. The current study will address the production method, mechanism, ongoing research, and application of CDs in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

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Section: Challenges and Opportunities Of Cds: Safety Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dots: Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Therapy

2023

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“…However, more detailed studies of the biosafety and therapeutic mechanisms of CQDs are needed before the large-scale application of these materials. Including this study, many toxicity studies, using model organisms, have shown no adverse effects of these carbon-based nanomaterials on animals after short- and long-term ingestion [ 67 , 68 ]. Many processed foods consumed daily also contain CQDs [ 69 – 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional carbonized nanogels to treat lethal acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease

et al. 2021

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Background Shrimp aquaculture has suffered huge economic losses over the past decade due to the outbreak of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), which is mainly caused by the bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) with the virulence pVA1 plasmid, which encodes a secretory photorhabdus insect-related (Pir) toxin composed of PirA and PirB proteins. The Pir toxin mainly attacks the hepatopancreas, a major metabolic organ in shrimp, thereby causing necrosis and loss of function. The pandemic of antibiotic-resistant strains makes the impact worse. Methods Mild pyrolysis of a mixture of polysaccharide dextran 70 and the crosslinker 1,8-diaminooctane at 180 ℃ for 3 h to form carbonized nanogels (DAO/DEX-CNGs) through controlled cross-linking and carbonization. The multifunctional therapeutic CNGs inherit nanogel-like structures and functional groups from their precursor molecules. Results DAO/DEX-CNGs manifest broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus responsible for AHPND and even multiple drug-resistant strains. The polymer-like structures and functional groups on graphitic-carbon within the CNGs exhibit multiple treatment effects, including disruption of bacterial membranes, elevating bacterial oxidative stress, and neutralization of PirAB toxins. The inhibition of Vibrio in the midgut of infected shrimp, protection of hepatopancreas tissue from Pir toxin, and suppressing overstimulation of the immune system in severe V. parahaemolyticus infection, revealing that CNGs can effectively guard shrimp from Vibrio invasion. Moreover, shrimps fed with DAO/DEX-CNGs were carefully examined, such as the expression of the immune-related genes, hepatopancreas biopsy, and intestinal microbiota. Few adverse effects on shrimps were observed. Conclusion Our work proposes brand-new applications of multifunctional carbon-based nanomaterials as efficient anti-Vibrio agents in the aquatic industry that hold great potential as feed additives to reduce antibiotic overuse in aquaculture. Graphical Abstract

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“…CDs were rapidly excreted from the body in the urine. Completely new results from the work of Chung et al [61] showed that carbon dots prepared from ammonium citrate and spermidine have low toxicity and bioaccumulation for zebrafish.…”

Section: Biocompatibility Of Carbon Dotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dots for virus detection and therapy

2021

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Recent experience with the COVID-19 pandemic should be a lesson learnt with respect to the effort we have to invest in the development of new strategies for the treatment of viral diseases, along with their cheap, easy, sensitive, and selective detection. Since we live in a globalized world where just hours can play a crucial role in the spread of a virus, its detection must be as quick as possible. Thanks to their chemical stability, photostability, and superior biocompatibility, carbon dots are a kind of nanomaterial showing great potential in both the detection of various virus strains and a broad-spectrum antiviral therapy. The biosensing and antiviral properties of carbon dots can be tuned by the selection of synthesis precursors as well as by easy post-synthetic functionalization. In this review, we will first summarize current options of virus detection utilizing carbon dots by either electrochemical or optical biosensing approaches. Secondly, we will cover and share the up-to-date knowledge of carbon dots’ antiviral properties, which showed promising activity against various types of viruses including SARS-CoV-2. The mechanisms of their antiviral actions will be further adressed as well. Finally, we will discuss the advantages and distadvantages of the use of carbon dots in the tangled battle against viral infections in order to provide valuable informations for further research and development of new virus biosensors and antiviral therapeutics. Graphical abstract

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Toxic or Not Toxic, That Is the Carbon Quantum Dot’s Question: A Comprehensive Evaluation with Zebrafish Embryo, Eleutheroembryo, and Adult Models

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

Carbon Dots: Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Therapy

Carbon Dots: Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Therapy

Multifunctional carbonized nanogels to treat lethal acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease

Carbon dots for virus detection and therapy

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