Toxic hazards of leather industry and technologies to combat threat: a review

Dixit, S. K.; Yadav, Ashish; Dwivedi, Premendra D.; Das, Mukul

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.017

Cited by 468 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…It has been reported that conventional chromium removal methods are not environmentally friendly due to the increased level of chemical sludge; energy inputs; and nutrient requirements from the removal processes; making the conventional processes expensive because of the implementation of large infrastructure [6] [7]. Consequently, biosorption offers better alternative to the conventional chromium removal methods because of limited chemical sludge making them environmentally friendly and non-expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Egg-Shell and Fish-Scale as Adsorbent Materials for Chromium (VI) Removal from Effluents of Tannery Industries in Eastern Uganda

Bamukyaye¹,

Wanasolo²

2017

OALib

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The performance of egg-shells and fish-scales biomaterials in separating chromium (VI) ions from tannery effluents obtained from tannery industries in Jinja town of Eastern Uganda was investigated. Using crushed egg-shell and fish-scales as adsorbents, sorption tests were carried out to determine the effects of bio-sorbent concentration and particle size on chromium (VI) removal. The adsorbate concentration in the tannery effluents before and after adsorption was analyzed using the UV-vis Spectrophotometer at wavelength of 540 nm. The adsorbent concentration was calculated from concentration change in aqueous solution before and after equilibrium sorption. Results showed that chromium (VI) ions adsorb on the surfaces of both biomaterials. The optimum conditions for chromium (VI) removal were found at pH of 6.8, particle size of 300 µm and bio-sorbent concentration of 0.5 g. The correlation coefficient (R 2 ) showed that chromium (VI) adsorption fitted Langmuir adsorption isotherms. It was concluded that the adsorption process of chromium (VI) on the fish-scales and egg-shells was highly feasible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Egg-Shell and Fish-Scale as Adsorbent Materials for Chromium (VI) Removal from Effluents of Tannery Industries in Eastern Uganda

Bamukyaye¹,

Wanasolo²

2017

OALib

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“…It is estimated that, worldwide, 6,500,000 tons of raw hides or skins are processed annually; metals salts and vegetable tannin extracts are commonly used as tanning agents. [8][9][10] Vegetable leather obtained by tanning with natural extracts is an environmentally friendly, totally natural product. The development of new materials derived from bio-based sources has become a necessity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principal Component Analysis of Commercial Tannin Extracts Using Digital Images on Mobile Devices

Grasel¹,

Ferrão²,

Helfer³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Tannins from trees are an abundant renewable resource. The use of tannins is safe for the environment and human health, making it possible to develop environmentally friendly products, such as adhesives, flocculant agents for water treatment, flame retardant foams and anticorrosives. In this study, a methodology was developed for the identification of six commercial tannin extracts (chestnut, valonea, tara, myrobalan, quebracho and black wattle) using digital images on mobile devices. The identification of the extracts was based on principal component analysis using the PhotoMetrix ® mobile application. In the evaluation of the principal components, it was possible to define the separation between the six classes of extracts by color evaluation, according to the extract origin. In the analysis of PC1 × PC2, black wattle was very close to quebracho and chestnut was close to valonea; these extracts are chemically similar. The methodology developed for the analysis of tannin extracts obeys the principles of green chemistry requiring no reagents, and is fast, non-destructive and inexpensive.

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“…Leather manufacturing is a traditional industry which contributes greatly to the global economy and is one of the largest industries in the world due to the demand and versatility of leather [1]. The leather processing converts skin of dead animals such as cattle into hide through a series of chemical and biochemical treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosurfactant Production and Biodegradation of Leather Dust from Tannery

Greenwell¹,

Sarker²,

Rahman³

2016

TOBIOTJ

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Background:The leather industry contributes vast amounts of pollution damaging to aquatic and terrestrial environments. Leather dust is a chromium-contaminated waste produced from the shaving and buffering processes involved in leather tanning. Microorganisms have been investigated for their usefulness in bioremediation and recycling of waste materials. Solid leather waste is the current focus of material to be remediated in this study. Objective:The present work focuses on the development of a process to degrade the leather dust protein with the aim of removing the chromium bound within the protein. As part of the study, detecting the presence of biosurfactant production was performed to fuel further interest in value-added by-products of the process. Method:Bacillus subtilis SA-6 was used to treat the leather dust over a 10 day shake flask study. Daily samples were taken and analysed for chromium content by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The surface tension of the shake flask cultures was also investigated to detect for any valuable by-products such as biosurfactants for future prospects of developing an economically viable process. Results:Chromium concentration demonstrated an exponential increase between 0-120 h in shake flask experiments. In the presence of B. subtilis SA-6 chromium concentration in cell free supernatant increased from 0.13±0.09 mg/L to 190.81±20.18 mg/L compared to when B. subtilis SA-6 was absent. Surface tension decreased during fermentation from 53.23±0.92 mN/m to 30.13±0.15 mN/m in 24 h. Conclusion:This study demonstrates a waste management process, which detoxifies solid tannery waste to reduce environmental pollution, whilst yielding value-added products (such as biosurfactant) to provide an economically viable bioprocess with potential for large-scale development.

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Toxic hazards of leather industry and technologies to combat threat: a review

Cited by 468 publications

References 60 publications

Performance of Egg-Shell and Fish-Scale as Adsorbent Materials for Chromium (VI) Removal from Effluents of Tannery Industries in Eastern Uganda

Performance of Egg-Shell and Fish-Scale as Adsorbent Materials for Chromium (VI) Removal from Effluents of Tannery Industries in Eastern Uganda

Principal Component Analysis of Commercial Tannin Extracts Using Digital Images on Mobile Devices

Biosurfactant Production and Biodegradation of Leather Dust from Tannery

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