Toxic encephalopathy due to 1,1,1‐trichloroethane exposure

Kelafant, Geoffrey A.; Berg, Richard A.; Schleenbaker, Randal E.

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700250311

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Solvents are commonly used in many industries and processes including: vapor degreasing, dry cleaning, painting, adhesives, dyes, agricultural products, aviation, and shoes and other textiles (Kelafant, Berg, & Schleenbaker, 1994; NIOSH, 1987). Over 30 million American workers are exposed to hazardous chemicals in their workplaces, and several of these can represent a risk to the hearing of the exposed worker (OSHA, 2004).…”

Section: Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise and neurotoxic chemical exposure relationship to workplace traumatic injuries: A review

Estill

Rice

Morata

et al. 2017

Journal of Safety Research

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Introduction More than 5,000 fatalities and eight million injuries occurred in the workplace in 2007 at a cost of $6 billion and $186 billion, respectively. Neurotoxic chemicals are known to affect central nervous system functions among workers, which include balance and hearing disorders. However, it is not known if there is an association between exposure to noise and solvents and acute injuries. Method A thorough review was conducted of the literature on the relationship between noise or solvent exposures and hearing loss with various health outcomes. Results The search resulted in 41 studies. Health outcomes included: hearing loss, workplace injuries, absence from work due to sickness, fatalities, hospital admissions due to workplace accidents, traffic accidents, hypertension, balance, slip, trips, or falls, cognitive measures, or disability retirement. Important covariates in these studies were age of employee, type of industry or occupation, or length of employment. Discussion Most authors that evaluated noise exposure concluded that higher exposure to noise resulted in more of the chosen health effect but the relationship is not well understood. Studies that evaluated hearing loss found that hearing loss was related to occupational injury, disability retirement, or traffic accidents. Studies that assessed both noise exposure and hearing loss as risk factors for occupational injuries reported that hearing loss was related to occupational injuries as much or more than noise exposure. Evidence suggests that solvent exposure is likely to be related to accidents or other health consequences such balance disorders. Conclusions Many authors reported that noise exposures and hearing loss, respectively, are likely to be related to occupational accidents. Practical applications The potential significance of the study is that findings could be used by managers to reduce injuries and the costs associated with those injures.

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Section: Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise and neurotoxic chemical exposure relationship to workplace traumatic injuries: A review

Estill

Rice

Morata

et al. 2017

Journal of Safety Research

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“…Disease • Multiple sclerosis [78][79][80] • Toxic encephalopathy 81,82 • Polyneuropathy 83,84 • Cerebral palsy 85 • Chronic fatigue syndrome 86 • Mild head injury 14,64,87 Patient Populations. Patients with, for example, vertigo, ataxia, and disequilibrium, who do not satisfy established clinical criteria for a diagnostic category or disorder are candidates for CDP.…”

Section: What Are the Indications For Cdp Testing?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Peripheral vestibular disorders2,3,11–13,23,28,32,59,65–68 Central disorders23,44,50,60,69–74 Parkinson's disease72,75,76 Huntington's disease77 Learning disabilities23 Multiple sclerosis78–80 Toxic encephalopathy81,82 Polyneuropathy83,84 Cerebral palsy85 Chronic fatigue syndrome86 Mild head injury14,64,87 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Can Posturography Tell Us About Vestibular Function?

Black

2001

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Patients with balance disorders want answers to the following basic questions: (1) What is causing my problem? and (2) What can be done about my problem? Information to fully answer these questions must include status of both sensory and motor components of the balance control systems. Computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) provides quantitative assessment of both sensory and motor components of postural control along with how the sensory inputs to the brain interact. This paper reviews the scientific basis and clinical applications of CDP. Specifically, studies describing the integration of vestibular inputs with other sensory systems for postural control are briefly summarized. Clinical applications, including assessment, rehabilitation, and management are presented. Effects of aging on postural control along with prevention and management strategies are discussed.

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“…In seven reports, emphasis was on the establishment of a diagnosis of solvent-induced CTE [5,9,14,19,20,26,38]; these articles will be discussed separately. The other 23 papers concerned patients in whom the diagnosis had already been established.…”

Section: Retrieval Of Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria for solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy: a systematic review

Hoek¹,

Verberk²,

Hageman

2000

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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In 1985, a WHO Working Group presented diagnostic criteria and a classification for solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy (CTE). In the same year, the "Workshop on neurobehavioral effects of solvents" in Raleigh, N.C., USA introduced a somewhat different classification for CTE. The objective of this review is to study the diagnostic procedures that are used to establish the diagnosis of CTE, and the extent to which the diagnostic criteria and classification of the WHO, and the classification of the Raleigh Working Group, are applied. A systematic search of studies on CTE was performed, and the diagnostic criteria and use of the WHO and Raleigh classifications were listed. We retrieved 30 original articles published in English from 1985 to 1998, in which CTE was diagnosed. Only two articles did not report the duration of solvent exposure. The type of solvent(s) involved was described in detail in four articles, poorly in 17 articles, and not at all in nine articles. Tests of general intelligence were used in 19 articles, and tests of both attention and mental flexibility and of learning and memory were used in 18 articles. Exclusion, by interview, of potentially confounding conditions, such as somatic diseases with central nervous effects and psychiatric diseases, was reported in 21 and 16 articles, respectively. In only six of the articles were both the WHO diagnostic criteria and the WHO or Raleigh classifications used. In the future, parameters of exposure, psychological test results, and use of medication that possibly affects psychological test results should always be described. We list some advantages and disadvantages of the Raleigh and WHO classifications. To aid inter-study comparisons, the diagnosis of CTE should be categorized and reported according to an internationally accepted classification.

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Toxic encephalopathy due to 1,1,1‐trichloroethane exposure

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Noise and neurotoxic chemical exposure relationship to workplace traumatic injuries: A review

Noise and neurotoxic chemical exposure relationship to workplace traumatic injuries: A review

What Can Posturography Tell Us About Vestibular Function?

Criteria for solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy: a systematic review

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