Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review

Xu, Zhenkun; Cao, Jie; Qin, Xiaoming; Qiu, Weiqiang; Mei, Jun; Xie, Jing

doi:10.3390/ani11113304

Cited by 97 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…The high ammonia nitrogen concentration can cause serious tissue damage and high mortality, which is a high-risk factor during fish farming [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Ammonia nitrogen stress can rapidly gather in the blood and tissue of fish and act as a potent cause of oxidative stress [ 52 ]. Fish that were fed the 4-PBA supplementation diet had a lower mortality rate and serum transaminases activities after the acute ammonia nitrogen challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Can Be Attenuated by 4-PBA Caused by High-Fat or Ammonia Nitrogen in Cultured Spotted Seabass: The Mechanism Is Related to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Dong

Xia

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Oxidative stress is a common phenomenon in aquaculture, which can be induced by nutritional or environmental factors. Generally, oxidative stress causes poor growth performance, metabolic dysregulation, and even the death of aquatic animals. To identify a nutritional intervention strategy, high-fat diet (HFD) feeding (Experiment I) and acute ammonia nitrogen challenge (Experiment II) tests were carried out. In Experiment I, HFD feeding significantly decreased the growth performance concomitantly with excessive fat deposition in the liver and abdomen. The addition of 4-PBA in the diet improved the excessive fat accumulation. The activities of antioxidative enzymes were suppressed, and the levels of lipid and protein peroxidation were increased, indicating that HFD feeding induced oxidative stress. The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) related genes were downregulated in the HFD group. Under a transmission electron microscope (TEM), more swollen and dilated ER lumen could be observed. These results indicated that the HFD induced ERs activation. Although 4-PBA acted as a potent ERs inhibitor, as evidenced by the alleviated alterations of ERs molecules and the ER ultrastructure, the oxidative stress was also attenuated by 4-PBA. In Experiment II, dietary 4-PBA improved the tolerance to the acute ammonia nitrogen challenge, as lower mortality and serum aminotransferase activity was found. Further results showed that 4-PBA decreased the peroxidation content and attenuated ERs, thus confirming the correlation between oxidative stress and ERs. Our findings showed that dietary 4-PBA supplementation can attenuate oxidative stress induced by a HFD or acute ammonia challenge; the mechanism is related to its potent inhibition effect for ERs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Can Be Attenuated by 4-PBA Caused by High-Fat or Ammonia Nitrogen in Cultured Spotted Seabass: The Mechanism Is Related to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Dong

Xia

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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“…As for the individual components AC2AC6N and H-MMA-C10, they did not exhibit significant bactericidal activity and cytotoxicity even at 200 μM (Figures S4 and S5). In general, ammonia or ammoniums with long hydrophobic chains are toxic, as ammonia can permeate cell membranes and ammoniums with hydrophobic chains can disrupt cell membranes, while AC2AC6N does not contain long hydrophobic chains. − Negatively charged surfactants are also generally considered nontoxic at low concentrations. Therefore, the safety of H-AMC-10 is guaranteed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradable Bactericide Constructed Using a Charge-Reversal Surfactant against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

Zeng

Zhang

2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Plant bacterial diseases are serious problems in agriculture, posing threats to global food security and the agricultural economy. Here, a degradable agricultural bactericide AMC-10 constructed using a charge-reversal surfactant, from being positively charged to negatively charged, was designed and synthesized. AMC-10 possessed high bactericidal activity toward plant pathogenic bacteria, consequently being able to inhibit the corresponding plant bacterial diseases. After degradation by water, the hydrolyzed products were nontoxic to bacteria and human cells. Such a degradable bactericide provides new ideas for the design of environmentally friendly agricultural bactericides. It is anticipated that degradable bactericides such as AMC-10 can be applied in the prevention and control of plant bacterial diseases, being less likely to produce toxicity or drug resistance.

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“…Overall, during S. sciuri infection, the reduction in gut microbial species intestinal colonizing commensal bacteria decreased led to the development of enteritis. ALT, AST, and AKP are important enzymes to assess fish health, and their levels are related to liver tissue damage, various diseases, parasitic infections, and poisoning (Xu et al, 2021). Elevated serum levels of ALT and AST might reflect the transfer of enzymes to the serum caused by liver damage (Shahsavani et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ALT, AST, and AKP are important enzymes to assess fish health, and their levels are related to liver tissue damage, various diseases, parasitic infections, and poisoning ( Xu et al., 2021 ). Elevated serum levels of ALT and AST might reflect the transfer of enzymes to the serum caused by liver damage ( Shahsavani et al., 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus sciuri causes disease and pathological changes in hybrid sturgeon acipenser baerii × acipenser schrencki

Zhang

Xue

Xiao

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Hybrid sturgeon is the main species of sturgeon cultured in China, with the advantages of a fast growth rate, early sexual maturity, fertile offspring, and more stable genetic traits. In May 2021, a large number of deaths characterized by superficial hemorrhage and liver damage occurred in a sturgeon farm in Yichang, Hubei Province, which posed a significant risk to hybrid sturgeon captive breeding. We isolated a pathogenic bacterium named D-59 from the diseased sturgeon with apparent symptoms. The pathogen was identified as Staphylococcus sciuri using 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis combined with biochemical identification. Regression experiments showed that D-59 exhibited clinical signs similar to those of diseased sturgeon in the farm after intraperitoneal injection into hybrid sturgeon. High-throughput sequencing of gut microbes in D-59-infected sturgeon showed that the number of gut microbial species decreased in infected sturgeon, the number of some intestinal commensal bacteria decreased, and the balance of the intestinal microorganisms was disrupted. Histopathological sections indicated many inflammatory cells, congestion, and even necrosis in the tissue of diseased sturgeon. Analysis of blood indexes revealed an increase in the proportion of mononuclear cells and a decrease in the proportion of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of diseased sturgeon. Significantly elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, whereas alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, and globulin were decreased in diseased sturgeon. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests demonstrated that D-59 is susceptible to florfenicol, enrofloxacin, and neomycin sulfate. This study aimed to highlight the dangers of Staphylococcus sciuri infection during hybrid sturgeon culture and to provide recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.

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Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review

Cited by 97 publications

References 121 publications

Oxidative Stress Can Be Attenuated by 4-PBA Caused by High-Fat or Ammonia Nitrogen in Cultured Spotted Seabass: The Mechanism Is Related to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Oxidative Stress Can Be Attenuated by 4-PBA Caused by High-Fat or Ammonia Nitrogen in Cultured Spotted Seabass: The Mechanism Is Related to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Degradable Bactericide Constructed Using a Charge-Reversal Surfactant against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

Staphylococcus sciuri causes disease and pathological changes in hybrid sturgeon acipenser baerii × acipenser schrencki

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