Toxic effects of two pesticides, Imazalil and Triadimefon, on the early development of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata (Chordata, Ascidiacea)

Towards the development of an embryotoxicity bioassay with terrestrial snails: Screening approach for cadmium and pesticides

“…But we also observed that the stage of blocking also varied for a given concentration. Other authors have shown that the effect of Cd is "stage-dependent", suggesting that the earlier the embryos are exposed, the greater the effect [17,43]. As embryos of a single clutch were not at exactly the same stage when the exposure to a chemical started (due to the duration of egg-laying which varied from 24 to 32 h), this could explain the variations in the effects of exposure to a given concentration.…”

Triazole Fungicides Inhibit Zebrafish Hatching by Blocking the Secretory Function of Hatching Gland Cells

“…Unfortunately, in mammals, they also impair steroidogenesis therefore affecting reproduction and development [35] and there is substantial literature on the impacts of FON exposure to the endocrine system of mammals [36,37,38,39] and fish [32,40,41,42]. Additional work has described the teratogenic effects induced by FON and NOL exposure in ascidians [43], amphibians [44], and murine mammals [45]. The teratogenic effects of triazoles have been linked to alterations of retinoid acid (RA) metabolism and signaling, which may interfere with normal migration of the neural crest cells [46].…”

Development of an embryotoxicity test for Enchytraeus crypticus – The effect of Cd

“…The particular stage of embryonic development that is delayed or disrupted depends on the Cd concentration, as also observed for H. aspersa by Druart et al (2010). On the other hand, several authors claim that the effect of Cd is dependent on the stage of exposure, i.e., the earlier the exposure, the larger the effect (Marc et al, 2005;Pennati et al, 2006). In our study, the worst case scenario was studied since cocoons were exposed during first cell divisions (morula stage).…”