Toxic effects of triclocarban on larval zebrafish: A focus on visual dysfunction

Chen, Xiaofan; Chen, Zhifeng; Lin, Zhijie; Liao, Xiaoliang; Zou, Ting; Qi, Zenghua; Cai, Zongwei

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106013

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The rate of survival, hatching, malformation, heartbeat, and the ratio of eye size to body length of larval zebrafish were determined at 96, 72, 96, 96, and 144 hpf, respectively. Histopathological examination was conducted by a traditional hematoxylin and eosin staining method . The zebrafish larvae at 144 hpf were cut into 5 μm thick transverse sections near the optic nerve.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optokinetic response (OKR) test was performed according to a previously reported protocol . The visual stimulus was displayed as moving vertical black–white stripes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total RNA isolation and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were conducted according to previous studies. ,, The primer sequences of 15 genes involved in color perception and HPT axis are given in Table S3. The fold changes (FC) in the relative transcription levels of target genes in exposure groups relative to vehicle control were calculated by a 2 –ΔΔCt method using the house-keeping gene rpl13a as an internal standard for normalization. ,, The measurements were performed in biological triplicates with two technical replicates. Thirty larvae at 144 hpf for vision-related genes or 100 embryos at 48 hpf for HPT-related genes of each tank were pooled as a biological replicate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histopathological examination was conducted by a traditional hematoxylin and eosin staining method. 22 The zebrafish larvae at 144 hpf were cut into 5 μm thick transverse sections near the optic nerve. Physiological and histological changes were recorded using an Eclipse E100 microscope (Nikon, Japan).…”

Section: Azole Determination In Exposure Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optokinetic response (OKR) test was performed according to a previously reported protocol. 22 The visual stimulus was displayed as moving vertical black−white stripes. In addition, three colors of stripes, including blue−white, green−white, and red−white, were used as a stimulus to study the effect of target chemicals on zebrafish color perception.…”

Section: Azole Determination In Exposure Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Azole-Induced Color Vision Deficiency Associated with Thyroid Hormone Signaling: An Integrated In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Study

Chen

Lin

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Azoles that are used in pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products can have toxic effects on fish. However, there is no information regarding azole-induced visual disorder associated with thyroid disruption. We evaluated changes in retinal morphology, optokinetic response, transcript abundance of the genes involved in color perception and hypothalamic−pituitary− thyroid (HPT) axis, and thyroid hormone (TH) levels in zebrafish larvae exposed to common azoles, such as climbazole (CBZ, 0.1 and 10 μg/L) and triadimefon (TDF, 50 and 500 μg/L), at environmentally relevant and predicted worst-case environmental concentrations. Subsequently, the effect of azoles on TH-dependent GH3 cell proliferation and thyroid receptor (TR)-regulated transcriptional activity, as well as the in silico binding affinity between azoles and TR isoforms, was investigated. Azole exposure decreased cell densities of the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, and photoreceptor layer. Zebrafish larvae exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ and TDF showed a decrease in optokinetic response to green−white and red−white stripes but not blue−white stripes, consistent with disturbance in the corresponding opsin gene expression. Azole exposure also reduced triiodothyronine levels and concomitantly increased HPTrelated gene expression. Molecular docking analysis combined with in vitro TR-mediated transactivation and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that CBZ and TDF exhibited TR antagonism. These results are comparable to those obtained from a known TR antagonist, namely, TR antagonist 1, as a positive control. Therefore, damage to specific color perception by azoles appears to result from lowered TH signaling, indicating the potential threat of environmental TH disruptors to the visual function of fish.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optokinetic response (OKR) test was performed according to a previously reported protocol . The visual stimulus was displayed as moving vertical black–white stripes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%