Toxic Effects of Short-Term Exposures to Acids and Diesel Exhaust

Prasad, Shanker B.; Rao, V. Sree Hari; McClure, Thomas R.; Mannix, Richard C.; Phalen, Robert F.

doi:10.1089/jam.1990.3.147

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The macrophage data obtained in this study are consistent with those from a prior study (Prasad et al, 1990) in which rats were exposed to atmospheres containing diesel soot (500 pg/m') and acids (sulfuric acid, 150 pg/m3, and HNO,, 350 pg/m3). The diesel soot plus acid mixture reduced FcR binding to 58.7% and phagocytosis to 62.2% of control, comparable to reductions caused by exposure to the diesel plus 0, mixture in the present study (FcR, 77.59'0, and phagocytosis, 64.5%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Inhaled Fine Particles and Ozone on Pulmonary Macrophages and Epithelia

Kleinman¹,

Bhalla²,

Ziegler³

et al. 1993

Inhalation Toxicology

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The health effects of oxidant gas mixtures containing fine particles from dilute diesel exhaust were examined using the rat as a laboratory model to determine if the presence of diesel soot particles would worsen the effects observed following exposures to oxidant gases alone. The study was designed to simulate an environmental scenario of acute and repeated exposures to polluted ambient atmospheres such as those that occur in southern California, where automotive emissions contribute to the production of oxidant gases such as ozone (0,) and nitrogen dioxide (NO,). Dilute diesel exhaust (scrubbed of sulfur dioxide, SO,, and carbon monoxide, CO), containing 250 or 500 ,@m3 diesel soot particles and nitric oxide (NO), was mixed with 0.4 or 0.6 ppm 0,, respectively. Chemical reactions within the mixture converted all NO to NO, and nitric acid (ranging from 110 to 260 pg/m3). Therefore, to determine the potential health impact of the particles, the effects of the diesel soot mixture were compared with those of a mixture containing onfy 0, and NO,, at the same concentrations as those in the diesel soot mixture.The biological responses measured included changes in lung histopathology, changes in mucosal permeability, and changes in alveolar macrophage functions. When compared to purified air-exposed groups, exposures to the diesel soot-containing mixture at high concentrations resulted in significant adverse changes in all of the responses measured after I day of exposure and for macrophage functions and permeability after 5 days of exposure.The group mean differences between 0, + NO, and diesel soot-exposed groups were not statistically significant. Findings from histopathology and macrophage phagocytosis studies after 20 days of exposure suggested that effects of the 0, i NO, mixture were worse than those of the diesel soot-containing mixture. We conclude from these results that, at the concentrations tested, diesel soot in oxidant gas mixtures was not more toxic than the oxidant gases alone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Inhaled Fine Particles and Ozone on Pulmonary Macrophages and Epithelia

Kleinman¹,

Bhalla²,

Ziegler³

et al. 1993

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…Prasad et al (1990) performed a study i n which rats were exposed nose-only 5 h/da f o r 5 days t o a mixture ture significantly depressed phagocytic activity immediately postexposure, and the effects persisted for at least 4 days. Schlesinger et al…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to this study a manpower-intensive rat clearance protocol had been followed (Phalen et al, 1975(Phalen et al, , 1980Kenoyer et al, 1981;Mannix et al, 1982Mannix et al, , 1983Prasad et al, 1990). An examination of data from these prior studies indicated that nearly the same degree of information concerning the effects of pollutant atmospheres on clearance could be obtained using a simpler protocol.…”

Section: Particle Clearance Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This decision was based on computations performed to ensure that the probability of a type 2 error (the error i n accepting a false n u l l hypothesis) i s maintained at a tolerable level, and so that the study could be conducted w i t h a manageable number of animals. The results of our prior clearance studies that have been published (Phalen et al, 1980;Kenoyer et al, 1981;Frager et al, 1979;Mannix et al, 1982Mannix et al, , 1983Mannix et al, , 1991Prasad et al, 1990) have been tested based on t h e p < . l criterion.…”

Section: Particle Clearance Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Repeated Exposure to Nitric Acid Vapor and Ozone on Respiratory Tract Clearance in the Rat

Mannix

Phalen

Oldham

et al. 1996

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…The procedures used have been described previously (PHALEN et al, 1980;KENOYER et al, 1981 ;MANNIX et al , 1982;PRASAD et al, 1990). Monodisperse polystyrene latex microspheres (about 1.7 µmin diameter) labelled with 51 Cr (HINRICHS et al , 1978) were inhaled for 20 min just prior to pollutant exposures, or just prior to a final pollutant exposure, for multi-day studies.…”

Section: Clearance Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Oxidants, Acids and other Agents on Particle Clearance in the Rat

1994

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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Toxic Effects of Short-Term Exposures to Acids and Diesel Exhaust

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of Inhaled Fine Particles and Ozone on Pulmonary Macrophages and Epithelia

Effects of Inhaled Fine Particles and Ozone on Pulmonary Macrophages and Epithelia

Effects of Repeated Exposure to Nitric Acid Vapor and Ozone on Respiratory Tract Clearance in the Rat

Effects of Oxidants, Acids and other Agents on Particle Clearance in the Rat

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