Toxic Effects of Heavy Metals on Germination and Physiological Processes of Plants

Wani, Parvaze Ahmad; Khan, Mohammad Saghir; Zaidi, Almas

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0730-0_3

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…According to Hagemeyer (1999), roots that directly interacted with nutrient and toxic elements, were generally more sensitive than other tissue of plants. Wani et al (2012), also reported that the root of the various plants including cereals was the first organ that was directly exposed to metal in soil and hence was the target of stressor molecules including heavy metals. Diwan et al (2010) used the root growth as an important parameter in classifying heavy metal tolerance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Response of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Cultivars to Trivalent Chromium Stress

et al. 2016

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One of heavy metal pollutants in the soil that can be absorbed by the sorghum is chromium (Cr). The study was conducted to determine the growth response of Cr 3+ stress of sorghum cultivars. Two chemical compounds Cr 3+ and 3 level concentrations were exposed to sorghum cultivars. The research was conducted in two separate experiments i.e. during seed germination and early seedling development stages. The parameters measured were radicle/root length, seedling length, fresh weight, dry weight, and stress tolerance index (STI) value. The results showed that Cr 3+ either in form of CrCl 3 or KCr(SO 4 ) 2 significantly reduced the seedling growth of sorghum cultivars. The growth responses of sorghum cultivars toward Cr 3+ stress showed differences both on stage of the germination and early seedling. Based on the average of STI value, four sorghum cultivars (Badik, Keris, Keris M3 and Numbu) were classified as very strong tolerant, 4 cultivars (Hegari, Mandau, Sangkur and Gambela) were categorized as moderate tolerant, two cultivars (UPCA and Selayer) were weak tolerant, and 2 cultivars (Kawali and Batari) were sensitive ones, under stress condition of Cr 3+.The results of this study are expected to provide the scientific basis of the physiological and tolerance responses of sorghum cultivars toward Cr 3+ stress condition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Response of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Cultivars to Trivalent Chromium Stress

et al. 2016

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“…At the cellular and molecular levels, heavy metal toxicity affects plants in many ways. For instance, it alters the key physiological and biochemical processes such as seed germination, pigment synthesis, photosynthesis, gas exchanges, respiration, inactivation and denaturation of enzymes, blocks functional groups of metabolically important molecules, hormonal balance, nutrient assimilation, protein synthesis, and DNA replication (Nagajyoti et al, 2010 ; Yadav, 2010 ; Keunen et al, 2011 ; He et al, 2012 ; Hossain et al, 2012a , b ; Silva, 2012 ; Wani et al, 2012 ; Singh et al, 2013 ). Under Cd stress, severe deleterious effects on various photosynthetic indices such as photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intracellular CO 2 concentration (Ci) have been reported in tomato seedlings (Dong et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Plant Responses To Heavy Metal Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Role of Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Ionomics

et al. 2016

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Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by the increasing population growth and inherent food demand. It has been reported in several studies that counterbalancing toxicity due to heavy metal requires complex mechanisms at molecular, biochemical, physiological, cellular, tissue, and whole plant level, which might manifest in terms of improved crop productivity. Recent advances in various disciplines of biological sciences such as metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc., have assisted in the characterization of metabolites, transcription factors, and stress-inducible proteins involved in heavy metal tolerance, which in turn can be utilized for generating heavy metal-tolerant crops. This review summarizes various tolerance strategies of plants under heavy metal toxicity covering the role of metabolites (metabolomics), trace elements (ionomics), transcription factors (transcriptomics), various stress-inducible proteins (proteomics) as well as the role of plant hormones. We also provide a glance of some strategies adopted by metal-accumulating plants, also known as “metallophytes.”

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“…A trace level of many heavy metals is required for the activation and/or functioning of many enzymes and co-enzymes during anaerobic digestion (Mata-Alvarez et al 2000;Bayer et al 2007;Cirne et al 2007). This is mostly due to the chemical binding of heavy metals to the enzymes and microorganisms (Brady and Duncan 1994), resulting in the disruption of enzyme structure and activities (Li and Fang 2007;Wani et al 2012). In relatively high concentrations, they can form unspecific compounds, creating cytotoxic effects (Kavamura and Esposito 2010) and altering the optimum biochemistry and performance of the processes.…”

Section: Heavy Metals and Biochemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of heavy metals as stress factors on anaerobic digestion processes and biogas production from biomass

Mudhoo

Kumar

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

227

100

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Heavy metals affect the biochemical reactions that take place during anaerobic digestion processes of organic matter. In this review, the different effects observed in anaerobic digestion processes and during the production of biomethane and biohydrogen from several substrates contaminated with and/or inheriting heavy metals from the substrates themselves were discussed. It has been found that heavy metals exert important roles in biochemical reactions. Heavy metals like copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium and lead have been overwhelmingly reported to be inhibitory and under certain conditions toxic in biochemical reactions depending on their concentrations. Heavy metals like iron may also exhibit stimulatory effects, but these effects have been scantily observed. This review also concludes that the severity of heavy metal inhibition depends upon factors like metal concentration in a soluble, ionic form in the solution, type of metal species, and amount and distribution of biomass in the digester or chain of biochemical reactions which constitute the anaerobic digestion process. A majority of studies have demonstrated that the toxic effect of heavy metals like chromium, cadmium and nickel is attributable to a disruption of enzyme function and structure by binding of the metal ions with thiol and other groups on protein molecules or by replacing naturally occurring metals in enzyme prosthetic groups. This review has not found published data on the effects of heavy metals on the hydrolysis stage of anaerobic digestion process chemistry, and hence further studies are required to depict any changes.

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Toxic Effects of Heavy Metals on Germination and Physiological Processes of Plants

Cited by 21 publications

References 128 publications

Growth Response of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Cultivars to Trivalent Chromium Stress

Growth Response of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Cultivars to Trivalent Chromium Stress

Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Role of Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Ionomics

Effects of heavy metals as stress factors on anaerobic digestion processes and biogas production from biomass

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