Toxic effects of exhaust emissions on spruce Picea abies and their reduction by the catalytic converter

Kammerbauer, H.; Selinger, H.; Römmelt, R.; Jöns, A. Ziegler; Knoppik, D.; Hock, Bertold

doi:10.1016/0143-1471(86)90002-4

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This result is in contrast to reports of similar experiments in which treatment with acid spray of pH 2.5 caused visible damage or death (PEARCY 1986). Similarly, KAMMERBAUER et al (1986) found that exposure to exhaust for one hour resulted in browning of the leaves and death of the plants. One explanation for this difference is that we treated the plants in late Fall, whereas most other similar experiments were eonducted in the spring or summer.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…To minimize genetic variation, cuttings from three clones were chosen for this experiment. Two environmental pollutants, sulfurie acid and automobile exhaust, were used for treatments because they are relatively easy to apply and beeause they are known to cause damage to spruce trees (PEARCY 1986;KAMMERBAUER et al 1986). Fohage was used to assess damage because it often shows the first visual symptoms of damage.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early detection of effects of acid deposition and automobile exhaust on young spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] trees

Zaerr

Schill²

1991

European Journal of Forest Pathology

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Rooted spruee cuttings frotn three elones were sprayed daily with sulfurie acid at pH 2.5 for one month or treated with automobile exhaust for one hour. Foliage samples were extraeted and analyzed by high performance liquid ehromatography. Chroinatographic peaks representing unidentified leaf constituents from treated and control trees were compared. Discriminant analysis indicated a weak but significant difference and Canonical discriminant analysis indicated clear differences between treatments and control. Similar differences were found between the three elones. Visible symptoms of damage were not evident even four months after treatment. This result is important because it demonstrates the possibility of using unidentified plant constituents to detect damage to plants even before visible symptoms appear.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 94%

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of effects of acid deposition and automobile exhaust on young spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] trees

Zaerr

Schill²

1991

European Journal of Forest Pathology

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“…2002). Vehicle exhaust emissions include solid particle emissions, oxides of carbon, sulphur and nitrogen, and gases such as ozone and ethylene (Kammerbauer et al . 1986;Ball, Jenks & Aubourg 1998), all of which may affect plant photosynthesis, composition, competition and growth (Angold 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation–site relationships of roadside plant communities in West Virginia, USA

Rentch

Fortney

Stephenson

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Ecology

103

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Summary 1.In mountainous regions, road construction is accompanied by large-scale physical disturbance associated with cut and fill operations that drastically alter the landscape. Cut operations remove soil and rock from the hillside above the proposed road, while soil and rock are deposited on the down-slope area in fill operations. The resultant roadsides are highly disturbed habitats characterized by plant communities maintained at an early successional stage. They are often planted with non-native species and frequently provide vectors for the introduction and spread of invasive species. Public transportation managers need to balance the rapid revegetation of roadsides with the goal of maximizing use of native species and minimizing the introduction of non-native species. 2. This study examined vegetation-site relationships along 13 major four-lane highways in West Virginia, USA, using analysis of variance, multiresponse permutation procedures and indicator species analysis. 3. Mean soil nutrient values showed some differences with respect to highway, but fewer when highway positions were compared. Similarly, when highway position was considered, there were no significant differences in mean plant species richness, evenness or diversity. 4. Results of multiresponse permutation procedures suggested that different highways may be characterized by distinct vegetation assemblages. This hypothesis was supported by indicator species analysis: 54 species showed a statistically significant ( P < 0·05) affinity to one highway over all others. More than half of these were classified as non-native and exotic invasive species. When highway position was considered, no significant differences in community composition were found, and indicator species analysis found only 25 species that exhibited a significant affinity to one type of position. Of these, only eight were exotic. 5. Of the 33 most abundant herbaceous species, 11 showed a significant relationship between cover and distance from pavement. For all but one, average cover declined in a linear fashion with increasing distance. 6. Synthesis and applications . Despite extensive topographic disturbance associated with highway construction, the resultant vegetative communities do not differ with respect to type of construction or resultant landform. This suggests that highway agencies can manage roadside vegetation using similar, standard techniques. Roadsides are optimal growing sites for exotic invasive species that out-compete native vegetation. Management goals should therefore include techniques for limiting the establishment of these species, and substitution of non-native species planted for erosion control with suitable native species.

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“…Sarkar, Banerjee & Mukherji (1986) recorded stunted growth in plants near highways in Calcutta. Kammerbauer et al . (1986) noted a lack of experimental work on the effects of exhaust emissions on forest trees (noting much controversy about reasons for die‐back in forest trees near roads).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological effects of roads and traffic: a literature review

Spellerberg¹

1998

Global Ecology and Biogeography

360

203

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This survey of the literature on the ecological effects of roads and traffic revealed many articles published over many years in peer reviewed journals. There has also been a growing number of reports on the ecological effects of roads produced by government authorities. Whereas few reports have been published on assessing the ecological impacts, there has been a rapidly growing number of reports on methods for mitigation. Gaps in research include the effects of heavy metal accumulation and the processes and effects resulting from habitat fragmentation. There is a need to assess the effectiveness of underpasses and tunnels and the nature and functioning of buffer zones. A literature database has been assembled and is being updated.

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Toxic effects of exhaust emissions on spruce Picea abies and their reduction by the catalytic converter

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Early detection of effects of acid deposition and automobile exhaust on young spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] trees

Early detection of effects of acid deposition and automobile exhaust on young spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] trees

Vegetation–site relationships of roadside plant communities in West Virginia, USA

Ecological effects of roads and traffic: a literature review

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