Toxic Effects of Different Doses of Cyclophosphamide on Liver and Kidney Tissue in Swiss Albino Mice: A Histopathological Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an anti- cancer drug, used in chemotherapy. This is a toxic drug which targets the cancer cells and also the normal cells of the body. The original compound is inactive in vitro and exercises its biologic action through metabolites, chiefly phosphoramide mustard. The objective is to study the harmful effects of this drug on liver and kidney tissues.METHODS: To study the effect of cyclophosphamide on histology of liver and kidney, 40 adult male mice were taken and divided into two groups: control and test. Those in the test group were injected with the drug at doses of 100, 200, 250 mg/kg body weight. They were then sacrificed on day 7, 28 and 42. The liver and kidney tissue was processed, sectioned and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin.RESULTS: Pathological changes were seen in the tissue within 7 days in high doses and after 28 days in low doses. As the dosage and the days administered increased, the changes were prominently seen and widespread. Pathology ranging from mild infiltration to necrosis and finally cytolysis were seen in liver and kidney tissue.CONCLUSION: Our study has demonstrated the effect of a progressive increase in dosage of cyclophosphamide in albino mice, and pathological alterations were observed in histology of liver and kidney by sequentially increasing both the dosage and duration of treatment. Subsequently, regular monitoring of liver and kidney function tests in patients undergoing chemotherapeutic regimen with administration of ahepato and nephroprotective agent becomes vital.

Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt.

“…While, the tubular changes were demonstrated as vacuolations of tubular epithelial cells, dark stained nuclei with exfoliation of other nuclei and loss of PAS reaction at the brush borders of PCTs. Similar results reported by other researchers and these changes suggested increase in the oxidative stress with reduction of antioxidant factors [37,38] . In CPA treated rats, the Mallory's trichrome sections of the renal cortex showed increasing of collagen fibers around the blood vessels and the renal tubules.…”

Modulating effects of the synergistic combination of extracts of herbal drugs on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice

“…Tissue inflammation is usually observed by histological observation of spleen and liver. So, any pathology in these tissues, reflected by lesions of immune organs may cause weakening of immune function ( Yu et al, 2018 , Bhat et al, 2018 ). In the present study, the histology revealed that CP caused destruction in spleen and liver tissues, which was significantly inhibited by combination doses.…”

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diallyl Disulfide on Hepatotoxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Rats

“…This effect of CP was supported by the former findings. 55 However, liver sections from the DADS group showed preserved normal architecture of the hepatic lobule with no expression of PCNA. In the same context, the preadministration of DADS to the CPtreated rats resulted in the amelioration of changes elicited by CP with slight vacuolization of hepatocytes, and weak positive expression of PCNA revealed the hepatoprotective concept of DADS.…”