Toxic Effects of Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate: An Overview

Abstract

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is extensively used as a plasticizer in many products, especially medical devices, furniture materials, cosmetics, and personal care products. DEHP is noncovalently bound to plastics, and therefore, it will leach out of these products after repeated use, heating, and/or cleaning of the products. Due to the overuse of DEHP in many products, it enters and pollutes the environment through release from industrial settings and plastic waste disposal sites. DEHP can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact on a daily basis, which has raised some concerns about its safety and its potential effects on human health. The main aim of this review is to give an overview of the endocrine, testicular, ovarian, neural, hepatotoxic, and cardiotoxic effects of DEHP on animal models and humans in vitro and in vivo.

GABA‐containing compound gammapyrone protects against brain impairments in Alzheimer’s disease model male rats and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in cell culture

“…Neuroinflammation and compromised mitochondrial functioning are known to coincide with increased ROS concentrations that induce the overactivation of both astroglial and microglial NO synthases, resulting in neuronal damage (Morgan & Liu, 2011;Verri et al, 2012). The present results suggest that gammapyrone protects PC12 cells against a variety of detrimental effects caused by DEHP, a toxic agent that induces cell apoptosis and mitochondrial damage (Zeng et al, 2012;Rowdhwal & Chen, 2018). The DEHP model was used to mimic mitochondrial dysfunction (Chen, Yang, Li, Chen, & Xu, 2011).…”

Maternal di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure alters hepatic insulin signal transduction and glucoregulatory events in rat F1 male offspring

“…Di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is the most common member of the class of phthalates, which is used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride products to make plastic flexible. It is a colorless, viscous and lipophilic liquid, which is more soluble in organic solvents than in water and has almost no odor (Hauser & Calafat, ; Rowdhwal & Chen, ; Schettler, ). Phthalates are used in a wide variety of consumer products, including flooring, carpeting, roofing, vinyl wall covering, upholstery, wire, cable sheathing, clothing, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, children's toys, food packaging and building materials (Dodson et al, ; Heudorf, Mersch‐Sundermann, & Angerer, ; Koch, Preuss, & Angerer, ; Koniecki, Wang, Moody, & Zhu, ; Wittassek & Angerer, ).…”

Tea polyphenols alleviate tri‐ortho‐cresyl phosphate‐induced autophagy of mouse ovarian granulosa cells

“…13 Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between the antioxidants and prooxidants is broken in the body. 14 Oxidative stress is shown to be induced by many chemicals [15][16][17] and plays an important role in reproductive toxicity. 18 It has been reported that oxidative stress is involved in TOCP-induced liver damage 8 and autophagy of mouse Leydig TM3 cells.…”