Toxic effects of acetone, 2-pentanone, and 2-hexanone on physiological indices of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germination and seedlings

Ecotoxicity Assessment of the Water Extracts from Metal-Contaminated and Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils

“…Hydrocarbon-contaminated soil containing toxic and persistent compounds pose harmful effects on the ecosystem [81,82]. Petroleum hydrocarbons are complex mixtures of diverse hydrocarbon compounds, including aliphatic saturated compounds or paraffins, such as straight and branched chain alkanes, cycloalkanes, unsaturated alkenes, and alkynes, as well as aromatic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) such as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), asphaltenes, resins, waxes and tars [48,83]. Among all petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants, MAH and PAH pollutants are potent environment pollutants, also known as persistent organic pollutants [84].…”

“…Sampling site A was polluted with multiple heavy metals, with amounts of Ni and Pb in the soil samples exceeding the limiting concentration in Chinese standard Soil environmental quality-Risk control standard for soil contamination of development land (GB 36600-2018) [46], the ceiling concentrations of Cu, As, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Cd were 2000 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Sampling site B was highly polluted with hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), which is a primary toxic metal and a class-one carcinogen [47,48]. Sampling sites C and D were located in abandoned gas stations that have been contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.…”