Toxic effects and mechanisms of common pesticides (Roundup and chlorpyrifos) and their mixtures in a zebrafish model (Danio rerio)

Falfushynska, Halina; Khatib, Ihab; Kasianchuk, Nadiia; Lushchak, Oleg; Horyn, Oksana; Sokolova, Inna M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155236

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In aquatic animals, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls, as the products of lipid and protein oxidative damage, have received the greatest attention while studying of toxic effects because of their wide exploration, simplicity of determination, and sensitivity (Lushchak 2011;Marsillach 2013;Khatib et al 2022). It is worth mentioning that TBARS levels in the liver, kidney, and gills of fish increased after short-and long-term exposure to numerous pesticides, including atrazine (30-90 µg L −1 ), chlorpyrifos (1.4 and 2.44 µg L −1 ), cypermethrin (0.5 or 1 µg L −1 ), glyphosate (15 µg L −1 and 500 µg L −1 ), and methyl parathion (0.009-0.09 ppm) (Blahová et al 2013;Abhijith et al 2016;Kaur et al 2017;Nunes et al 2018;Falfushynska et al 2022). While reactions to the effects of organophosphate pesticides have been fairly well studied, the effects of chloro-s-triazine have been almost completely overlooked (Khatib et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both malathion and terbuthylazine, in the form of its metabolite, 2hydroxyterbuthylazine, have lipophilic properties and, therefore, can enter organisms by passive diffusion and then assemble inside the mitochondrial matrix due to the difference in charge between the matrix and the cytoplasm. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which are expected to be generated in the response to pesticides, can obviously damage the electron transport chain, affect membrane permeability, and cause mutations in mitochondrial DNA (Bodnar et al 2021;Falfushynska et al 2022;Reddam et al 2022). The last event is the riskiest, in view of the fact that compared to the nucleus, mitochondria have a lower potential for DNA repair (Phillips et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although only 146 items are included in the PAN-EU list of chemicals that cause endocrine disruption, many more pesticides have been reported to induce developmental toxicity, trigger reproductive behavioral changes, and modify sex hormone levels even at low occupational concentrations. To illustrate, goldfish (Carassius auratus) and guppies (Poecilia sphenops) exposed to triazine pesticides, namely atrazine and simazine, as well as catfish, zebrafish, and rainbow trout exposed to chlorpyrifos and malathion, showed higher levels of estrogen production, aromatase activity, together with disrupted steroid hormone metabolism and vitellogenesis (Spano et al 2004;Vasanth et al 2015;Bodnar et al 2021;De Anna et al 2021;Mishra et al 2021;Falfushynska et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Molecular and Biochemical Alterations in Zebrafish Exposed to Terbuthylazine and Malathion

Khatib

Horyn

Боднар

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In the context of the global increase in pesticide applications, aquatic animals are constantly subjected to their action in natural reservoirs. Our research sought to determine the molecular and biochemical effects of an environmental exposure to commonly used chloro-s-triazine herbicide terbuthylazine and organophosphate insecticide malathion on zebrafish. To this aim, mature zebrafish were exposed to 2 and 30 µg L−1 terbuthylazine and 5 and 50 µg L−1 malathion alone and in combination for 14 days. Following exposure, induction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation in the liver of treated zebrafish have been registered. Aside from the accumulation of oxidative lesions, a decrease in antioxidants and succinate dehydrogenase activity, an increase in oxidized glutathione, and enhanced apoptosis via Caspase-3 and BAX overexpression (in the case of terbuthylazine) were observed. Furthermore, terbuthylazine and malathion induced mitochondrial swelling and lactate dehydrogenase leakage in a concentrationdependent manner. Significant upregulation of ubiquitin expression and increasing cathepsin D activity were characteristics that appeared only upon terbuthylazine exposure, whereas induction of IgM was identified as the specific characteristic of malathion toxicity. Pesticides in the studied concentration didn’t provoke significant alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in zebrafish. Co-exposure increased adverse effects of individual pesticides to zebrafish. This study should improve understanding of the mechanisms of pesticide toxicity that leads to fish impairment and biodiversity decline, as well as emphasize the importance of paying attention to pesticide traces in the environment and fish, which can have devastating effects on biota even at low concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Molecular and Biochemical Alterations in Zebrafish Exposed to Terbuthylazine and Malathion

Khatib

Horyn

Боднар

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…In addition, CPF exposure can interfere with transglutaminase activity in tissue as well as transient potential channels (32,33). CPF-induced oxidative stress and its concomitant damage, including oxidative injury, metabolic imbalance, and lysosomal damage, are also likely correlated with its neurotoxic effects (34). However, counter to the mounting evidence of the neurotoxicity of CPF, researchers reported that early exposure to CPF in rats does not inhibit AChE activity in the blood or brain (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorpyrifos residue level and ADHD among children aged 1–6 years in rural China: A cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. As genetic factors are nonmodifiable, environmental factors have attracted increasing attention.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationships between urinary chlorpyrifos (CPF) levels, blood micronutrient levels, and ADHD prevalence in children living in rural areas of China.MethodsThis cross-sectional study collected data on CPF exposure (according to urinary levels), blood micronutrient levels, and ADHD prevalence in children aged 1–6 years in rural China. The CPF levels were determined by mass spectrometry. Blood levels of micronutrients, including zinc, iron, calcium, copper, magnesium, and vitamin D, were measured by professional detection kits. ADHD was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. Descriptive statistics and univariate analysis were conducted using SPSS 21.0, and path analysis was conducted using Mplus 8.0.ResultsOf the 738 children who met the eligibility criteria, 673 children (673/738, 91.2%) were included in the final analysis. Baseline questionnaires and urine samples were collected from all 673 subjects. A total of 672 children provided blood samples for micronutrient testing, and 651 completed the ADHD assessment. Approximately one-fifth of children (144/673, 21.4%) had detectable levels of CPF in their urine, and 6.9% (45/651) were diagnosed with ADHD. Path analysis showed that the total effect of CPF exposure on ADHD risk was 0.166 (P < 0.05), with a direct effect of 0.197 (P < 0.05) and an indirect effect of −0.031 (P < 0.05) via vitamin D. The mediating effect of urinary CPF levels on ADHD risk via vitamin D was 18.67%.ConclusionHigher levels of CPF exposure are associated with higher risk of ADHD. Additionally, increasing vitamin D levels may have a beneficial effect on the relationship between CPF exposure and ADHD risk. Our findings highlight the importance of modifying environmental factors to reduce ADHD risk and provide insight into future ADHD interventions.

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“…The above reasons give zebrafish great advantages in biological and toxicological studies. Therefore, in recent years, zebrafish as an aquatic model organism has been widely used in the monitoring of environmental toxins and used in the cumulative effect and toxicity studies of carcinogens such as harmful heavy metals, pesticides, and phenol [ 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of BPZ, BPC, BPF, and BPS Exposure on Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Accumulation, Oxidative Stress, and Gene Expression

Han

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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As substitutes for bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol analogs (BPs) have been found to cause endocrine disorders and induce toxic effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioaccumulation and subacute toxicity of bisphenol Z (BPZ), bisphenol C (BPC), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) to zebrafish. Five-month-old zebrafish were exposed to 1/100 LC50, 1/50 LC50, and 1/10 LC50 of BPZ, BPC, BPF, and BPS for 13 days, respectively. Bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and related mRNA expression in zebrafish tissues were measured on days 1, 7, and 13. After exposure, the four kinds of BPs all resulted in the accumulation of concentration and lipid peroxidation in zebrafish tissues to varying degrees. BPZ and BPC had the highest bioaccumulation level and had the greatest influence on malonic dialdehyde (MDA). In addition, the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and the content of glutathione (GSH) in zebrafish tissues were also affected at different levels. However, the enzyme activities of SOD and POD were inactivated in zebrafish exposed to a high concentration of BPC. Further studies showed that BPs exposure down-regulated the transcription level of sod but up-regulated the relative expression levels of cat and gpx. The mRNA relative expression level of erα was not significantly changed, while the mRNA relative expression level of erβ1 was significantly down-regulated except under BPS exposure. These results indicate that BPZ, BPC, and BPF significantly affect the expression level of the estrogen receptor (ER) in zebrafish tissues. Overall, the results suggest that exposure to waterborne BPs can cause severe oxidative stress and tissue damage in adult zebrafish that is not sufficient to kill them after 13 days of waterborne exposure. The toxicity of BPs to organisms, therefore, should be further analyzed and evaluated.

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Toxic effects and mechanisms of common pesticides (Roundup and chlorpyrifos) and their mixtures in a zebrafish model (Danio rerio)

Cited by 36 publications

References 93 publications

Multiple Molecular and Biochemical Alterations in Zebrafish Exposed to Terbuthylazine and Malathion

Multiple Molecular and Biochemical Alterations in Zebrafish Exposed to Terbuthylazine and Malathion

Chlorpyrifos residue level and ADHD among children aged 1–6 years in rural China: A cross-sectional study

Effects of BPZ, BPC, BPF, and BPS Exposure on Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Accumulation, Oxidative Stress, and Gene Expression

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