Toxic cyanobacterial cells containing microcystins induce oxidative stress in exposed tilapia fish (Oreochromis sp.) under laboratory conditions

Jos, Ángeles; Pichardo, Silvia; Prieto, Ana I.; Repetto, Guillermo; Vázquez, Carmen M.; Moreno, Isabel; Cameán, Ana M.

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.01.003

Cited by 205 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This drop in CAT activity may be a result of the pathogen infection that may stimulate gill and muscle tissues to produce large amounts of H 2 O 2 which act as substrate to CAT enzyme to be converted into H 2 O. In tilapia, similar results were obtained after exposure to cyanobacterial cells which decrease CAT and reductase activities in various organs including gills (Jos et al 2005, Prieto et al 2007. Vitamin E plays an important role in protein thiol group protection against oxidation (Naziroglu & Butterworth 2005).…”

Section: Antioxidantssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Jos et al (2005) revealed that microcystein induces oxidative stress in fish liver and kidneys after 14 and 21 d of treatment. Also, administration of Bacillus calmette into mice significantly increased liver LPO (Wang et al 2005).…”

Section: Oxidative Stress Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aquatic organisms, especially fish, are exposed to many sources of pollutants that cause oxidative damage such as metals (Almeida et al 2002), pesticides ) and the cyanobacterial toxin microcystein (Li et al 2003, Jos et al 2005. Also, some species of the genus Aphanomyces induce skin and muscle lesions termed ulcerative mycosis in fish from western Atlantic estuarine waters (Dykstra & Kane 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenicity and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia caused by Aphanomyces laevis and Phoma herbarum isolated from farmed fish

Ali¹,

Hashem²,

Al-Salahy³

2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Identified (n = 17) and unidentified (n = 1) fish-pathogenic fungal species from 10 genera of Oomycetes and soil fungi were isolated from 40 infected freshwater fish samples of the species Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Nile tilapia) and Clarias gariepinus (African catfish). Samples were collected from various fish farms in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Nile tilapia were tested in aquaria for their susceptibility to the commonest Oomycetes species, Aphanomyces laevis and Achlya klebsiana, and also against the 2 most prevalent pathogenic soil fungi, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Phoma herbarum. Two techniques were used: water bath exposure and intramuscular (subcutaneous) injection. Water bath exposure to the 2 species of Oomycetes caused greater mortalities of O. niloticus niloticus than intramuscular injection, but the reverse was true of the soil fungal species. Regardless of the infection method, the 2 Oomycetes species were more potent pathogens than the soil fungal species. In both gills and mytomal muscles of fish infected by A. laevis and P. herbarum, we measured and compared with controls the oxidative stress parameters total peroxide (TP), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO), as well as levels of the antioxidants vitamin E and glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Infection by these 2 fungal species through either spore suspension or spore injection significantly increased oxidative damage in gills and induced marked decrease in most studied antioxidants. In addition, both routes showed similar effects and A. laevis depressed the antioxidants CAT, vitamin E and GSH more than P. herbarum.

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Section: Antioxidantssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Oxidative Stress Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenicity and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia caused by Aphanomyces laevis and Phoma herbarum isolated from farmed fish

Ali¹,

Hashem²,

Al-Salahy³

2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Some studies also attribute to MC's the ability of generate oxidative stress (Jos et al, 2005), increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Li et al, 2003;Weng et al, 2007) and oxidative damage, such as lipid peroxidation (LPO) (Pinho et al, 2005) and damage to the DNA molecule (Zegura et al, 2003). The ROS are counteracted by the antioxidant defense system, which in aquatic organisms is represented mainly by antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), and non-enzymatic antioxidants as reduced glutathione (GSH) (Livingstone, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and genetic alterations in the freshwater neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus after acute exposure to Microcystis aeruginosa

Garcia

Martinez

2012

Neotrop. ichthyol.

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Microcystins are secondary metabolites produced by different species of cyanobacteria, such as Microcystis aeruginosa (MA). In this study, the biochemical and genetic effects of lyophilized MA were evaluated in the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus exposed to 1 or 2 mg L -1 lyophilized MA (treated group) or only water (control group) in static toxicity tests for 24 and 96 h. The gills and liver were used in the analysis of biotransformation enzymes and antioxidant defenses, blood and gill cells in genetic analysis and in brain and muscle it was determined the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The results showed the biotransformation pathway activation due to the increase in hepatic CYP1A and in branchial and hepatic glutathione Stransferase (GST). The antioxidant defense proved to be greatly affected by MA exposure leading to changes, both in gills and liver, in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and in the content of tripeptide glutathione (GSH). Lipid peroxidation was not detected, but damage to DNA molecule was observed in blood cells. In conclusion, it can be state the lyophilized MA is able to promote changes in the biochemical and genetic parameters of P. lineatus.As microcistinas são metabólitos secundários produzidos por diferentes espécies de cianobactérias, como a Microcystis aeruginosa (MA). Neste estudo, os efeitos bioquímicos e genéticos de liofilizado de MA foram avaliados para juvenis da espécie de peixe Neotropical Prochilodus lineatus expostos a 1 ou 2 mg L -1 de liofilizado de MA (grupo tratado) ou apenas à água (grupo controle), em testes de toxicidade estáticos, durante 24 e 96 h. As brânquias e o fígado foram usados para as análises das enzimas de biotransformação e defesas antioxidantes, células do sangue e das brânquias para análises genéticas e no cérebro e músculo foi determinada a atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE). Os resultados mostraram ativação da via de biotransformação devido ao aumento da atividade da CYP1A hepática e da atividade da glutationa S-transferase (GST) hepática e branquial. As defesas antioxidantes foram muito afetadas pela exposição a MA levando a alterações, tanto no fígado como nas brânquias, na atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD), da catalase (CAT), da glutationa peroxidase (GPx), glutationa redutase (GR) e no conteúdo do tripeptídeo glutationa (GSH). Apesar dessas alterações a peroxidação lipídica não foi detectada em nenhum dos tecidos, mas danos na molécula de DNA foram observados nas células do sangue. Em conclusão, pode-se afirmar que o liofilizado de MA é capaz de promover alterações em parâmetros bioquímicos e genéticos de P. lineatus.

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“…Recentemente, foi também atribuído as microcistinas, ação no estresse oxidativo e na geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), bem como nas respostas antioxidantes, mecanismos estes considerados compensadores e/ou protetores (JOS et al, 2005;PRIETO et al, 2006). Estes autores observaram que o estresse oxidativo provocado pelas microcistinas (LR e RR) leva à intensa peroxidação lipídica do fígado, rim e brânquias de tilápias (Oreochromis sp.…”

Section: Fisiopatologia Da Intoxicação Por Microcistinaunclassified

Hepatotoxicidade associada à microcistina

Santos¹,

Bracarense

2008

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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ResumoEfluentes industriais e urbanos e a intensa exploração agrícola e de pescado têm levado à eutrofização de muitos mananciais de água, destinados ao consumo e às atividades recreacionais. A eutrofização das águas, freqüentemente, tem como conseqüência o desenvolvimento expressivo de cianobactérias. Estas florações induzem a sérios problemas, visto que a ocorrência de Microcystis aeruginosa, uma das cianobactérias mais difundidas, pode produzir microcistinas (MCs). O efeito citotóxico da MC tem sido descrito no fígado, pulmões, estômago e intestino. Mortes de seres humanos, de animais silvestres e domésticos têm sido associadas à exposição a MC. Esta pode ocorrer diretamente por ingestão, inalação, contato, inoculação intravenosa (hemodiálise) ou indiretamente, pelo consumo de animais, dentre os quais os peixes e moluscos, que podem ingerir as cianobactérias e suas toxinas. A mais tóxica e também mais comum das MCs é a microcistina-LR (MC-LR), cujo órgão alvo é o fígado. A MC chega ao fígado especificamente por transporte dos ácidos biliares e, uma vez no citoplasma, inibe as proteínas fosfatases 1 e 2A, induzindo ao aumento da fosforilação protéica. Esta reação tem duas conseqüências: destruição do citoesqueleto, causando efeitos citotóxicos e descontrole da divisão celular, levando à promoção tumoral. A exposição aguda à MC induz severa hemorragia intra-hepática, necrose e apoptose, enquanto a exposição crônica pode causar neoplasia hepática ou intestinal. Também tem sido relatado que a hepatotoxicidade da MC está intimamente associada à formação intracelular de espécies reativas de oxigênio. A MC pode ser naturalmente degradada por bactérias ou pela radiação solar. Contudo, se não houver eficiente degradação, a MC poderá persistir na cadeia alimentar aquática. A contaminação de águas pela MC representa, portanto, perigo à saúde humana e de animais. Assim, esforços para evitar a eutrofização de fontes de águas são essenciais para minimizar riscos à saúde pública. Palavras-chave: Microcystis aeruginosa, microcistina, cianotoxinas, hepatotoxina AbstractUrban and industrial discharges, intense agricultural exploitation and fisheries have been causing the eutrophication in both drinking and recreational waters. A frequent consequence of eutrophication in waters is the massive development of cyanobacteria. The occurrence of these blooms induces a severe problem, as Microcystis aeruginosa, the most widespread distributed cyanobacteria, can produce microcystins (MC). Toxic effects of MC have been described in liver, lungs, stomach, and intestine. Deaths in wildlife, livestock and human beings were also associated with MC exposition. MC exposition can occurs directly by ingestion, inhalation, contact, intravenous inoculation of contaminated water (hemodialysis) or indirectly, by the consumption of animals, as fish and mollusks, the majors ingestors of cyanobacteria and its toxins. The most 1 Prof. Ass.,

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Toxic cyanobacterial cells containing microcystins induce oxidative stress in exposed tilapia fish (Oreochromis sp.) under laboratory conditions

Cited by 205 publications

References 48 publications

Pathogenicity and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia caused by Aphanomyces laevis and Phoma herbarum isolated from farmed fish

Pathogenicity and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia caused by Aphanomyces laevis and Phoma herbarum isolated from farmed fish

Biochemical and genetic alterations in the freshwater neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus after acute exposure to Microcystis aeruginosa

Hepatotoxicidade associada à microcistina

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