Toxic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in Finnish fresh and coastal waters

Sivonen, Kaarina; Niemelä, Seppo; Niemi, R. Maarit; Lepistö, Liisa; Luoma, Taina; Rásänen, Leena

doi:10.1007/bf00008195

Cited by 234 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The present study indicated that MC-LR and MC-RR were the primary microcystins within the cells in the reservoir of the Guanting, while only MC-LR was detected in water. In the present study, Microcystis was the main cyanobacteria in the Guanting Reservoir, which was in accordance with the results of regional studies in American and Finnish lakes [16,17]. [18].…”

Section: Contents and Species Of Microcystin In Water Samplessupporting

confidence: 92%

Cyanobacteria and their toxins in Guanting Reservoir of Beijing, China

Dai

Liu

et al. 2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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The present study investigated the cyanobacteria and one family of their toxins-microcystins (MCs) in Guanting Reservoir of Beijing, China. The dominant species in the cyanobacteria found in August and September of 2006 was Microcystis, which accounted 99% of total algal cells. The specific species of the Microcystis in the cyanobacteria included Microcystis ichthyobalbe, Microcystis novacekii, Microcystis botrys and Microcystis aeruginosa which had different ratios in different sites. The qualitative analysis by HPLC showed that two microcystins were contained in cyanobacteria and one microcystin was in water of the reservoir. The major microcystins were microcystin-RR (MC-RR) and microcystin-LR (MC-LR), but only MC-LR was detected in water. The quantitative analysis by HPLC indicated that the maximum concentrations of MC-RR and MC-LR contained in cyanobacteria were 0.74 and 0.41 mg/g dry weight, respectively. The maximum microcystin concentration in water was 1.15 g/L and others were below 1 g/L.

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Section: Contents and Species Of Microcystin In Water Samplessupporting

confidence: 92%

Cyanobacteria and their toxins in Guanting Reservoir of Beijing, China

Dai

Liu

et al. 2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The increasing eutrophication of fresh waters many of which include drinking water reservoirs by human activity has increased the occurrence and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms (Sivonen et al, 1990) and approximately 50% of them are known to be toxic (Codd, 1995). The most commonly occurring toxins produced by cyanobacteria are microcystins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of cyanobacterial microcystin-LR by ferrate oxidation–coagulation

Yuan

2002

Toxicon

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In this study, the effect of a multiple function reagentÐferrate on the removal of microcystins-LR (MCLR) from freeze-dried Planktothrix sp. was investigated. The toxin was easily decomposed by oxidation with ferrate, and the removal ef®ciency depended on the dosage of ferrate, pH, and contact time. Simultaneously the reduction product Fe(OH) 3 after ferrate oxidation could¯occulate the organic compounds so that 50% TOC removal of the extract was reached. The low residual iron re¯ected the excellent results of coagulation and could meet the standard of drinking water. Analysis of the treated cyanobacterial extracts by high-performance liquid chromatograph, monitoring absorbance at 210 and 238 nm, suggested that the heptapeptide ring of MCLR and its Adda group had been opened or modi®ed, respectively. So ferrate treatment may be an effective and practical method for the removal of cyanobacterial peptide toxins from eutrophic waters, especially which hold high total organic carbon. q

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“…naegeliana was simultaneously detected with other toxic species, no conclusive considerations on its toxicity have been reported so far. Sivonen et al (1990) reported that the neurotoxicity of bloom samples collected from Finnish lakes was associated statistically with Anabaena (Dolichospermum) lemmermannii, Anabaena (Dolichospermum) flos-aquae and W. naegeliana. In other studies, various microcystins were found during blooms in which W. naegeliana was dominant (Willame et al, 2005;Baudin et al, 2006), and the presence of mcy genes in environmental samples characterized by the presence of this species was also reported (Oberholster et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacterial dynamics and toxins concentrations in Lake Alto Flumendosa, Sardinia, Italy

et al. 2017

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Seasonal blooms of cyanobacteria (CB) are a typical feature of Lake Alto Flumendosa (Sardinia, Italy). The waters of this lake are used for drinking water supply, for agricultural and industrial uses, and fish farming activities. Since cyanotoxins are not monitored in edible organisms, diet could be a relevant route of human exposure. CB also represent a threat for the health of wild and domestic animals that use lake water for beverage. Therefore, to characterize the CB community and assess the risk for human and animal population, CB dynamic, mcyB+ fraction, and microcystins (MCs) concentration have been followed monthly for 18 months, in three stations. Results confirmed the presence of several toxigenic species. Planktothrix rubescens dominated between August 2011 and April 2012 (3.5×106 cells L-1), alternating with Woronichinia naegeliana (8×106 cells L-1) and Microcystis botrys (9×105 cells L-1). Dolichospermum planctonicum was always present at low densities (104 cells L-1). MCs were detected, at values well below the 1 µg L-1 threshold of WHO for drinking water. The molecular analysis of mcyB gene for P. rubescens indicated the presence of a persistent toxic population (average 0.45 mcyB/16S rDNA). Highly significant linear regressions were found between P. rubescens and the sum of the demethylated MC variants, and between M. botrys and the sum of MC-LR and MC-LA, also when co-occurring, suggesting that these two species were responsible for different MC patterns production. The regression lines indicated a quite stable MC cell quota. However, in some spotted samples very different values were obtained for both MC concentrations and cell quota (from 10-fold lower to 30-40-fold higher than the ‘average’) showing an unexpected significant variability in the rate of toxin production. The relatively low cell densities during the monitoring period is consistent with the low-to absent MC contamination level found in trout muscle; however, the analytical method was affected by low recovery, probably due to MC-protein binding. Our results show that, during the study period, no risk of exposure for the human and animal population occurred. However, the persistence of a complex CB community characterised by a significant toxic fraction suggests the need for periodic monitoring activity. Particularly, the hidden deep summer P. rubescens blooms, located where water is taken for drinking water supply, and M. botrys, able to produce the most toxic MC variants with high cell quota, should be kept under control. The documentation and interpretation of sudden changes in toxins concentrations deserve special attention. This is particularly relevant in proximity of fish farming plants and water catchment sites.

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Toxic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in Finnish fresh and coastal waters

Cited by 234 publications

References 21 publications

Cyanobacteria and their toxins in Guanting Reservoir of Beijing, China

Cyanobacteria and their toxins in Guanting Reservoir of Beijing, China

Removal of cyanobacterial microcystin-LR by ferrate oxidation–coagulation

Cyanobacterial dynamics and toxins concentrations in Lake Alto Flumendosa, Sardinia, Italy

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