Toxic constituents of legume forage plants

Smolenski, Stanislaus J.; Kinghorn, A. Douglas; Balandrin, Manuel F.

doi:10.1007/bf02859125

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Six alkaloids were identified from a sample of L. sericeus, collected in Utah in June 1964 by using this technique ( Table I). Only two of the compounds detected, sparteine and 0-isosparteine, have been obtained before from this taxon (Smolenski et al, 1981). Of the remaining alkaloids identified, 17-oxosparteine and nuttalline (48-hydroxylupanine) appear to be common quinolizidine constituents of North American lupines (Kinghorn et al, 19801, although lO-oxo-/3-isosparteine has been isolated only once previously from a t,, area, LD,,, constituent mina %b mg/k@f SD (-)-sparteine 5.7 23.2 47.5 1.1 (-)$ -isosparteine 6.6 54.1 92.5 0.6 (-)-17-0xosparteine 14.0 4.4 468.0 7.1 (-)-10-oxo-p-isosparteine 16.8 16.1 >600 g nuttallineh 17.9 0.9 g g 10, 17-dioxo-p-i~osparteine~ 21.5 1.3 g g a 3% OV-17 column.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…L. sericeus has also been demonstrated as a cause of the congenital disorder crooked calf disease (Shupe et al, 1967a). The quinolizidine alkaloid constituents of this lupine, which are thought to be responsible for its toxic effects, have recently been reviewed (Smolenski et al, 1981). Work was undertaken in the present investigation on the identification and acute toxicity determination in mice of the alkaloids of L. sericeus, collected in Utah in June 1964, for two reasons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinvestigation of the alkaloids of Lupinus sericeus Pursh. Identification of a new natural product, 10,17-dioxo-.beta.-isosparteine

Ic¹,

Mf²,

Kinghorn³

1982

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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0 5 10 15 20 25 TIME HOURSFigure 4. Rate of reaction of nifluridide at pH 9.0 with the formation of EL-919.balance was obtained by adding together the concentrations of nifluridide and EL-919 (as its nifluridide molecular weight equivalent). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe rapid conversion of nifluridide to EL-919 proceeds as indicated in Figure 1. The rates of disappearance and the corresponding formation of EL-919 are plotted on a semilogarithmic scale in Figures 2-4. The cyclization proceeded via a first-order reaction with half-lives of 15.5, 3.5, and 2.0 h for EL-468 at pH 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0, respectively. The total amount of nifluridide and EL919 present in the final samples analyzed provided a good material balance (80-100%) compared to the initial amount of chemical in the aqueous solutions (Figures 2-4). No other hydrolysis products were observed.On the basis of these results, nifluridide would likely dissipate very rapidly in natural water or in the presence of soil moisture. Thus, the parent compound would not be expected to persist in the environment.Chromatograms demonstrating the determination of both compounds in the aqueous solutions are shown in Figure 5. The direct injection of the solutions into the reverse-phase HPLC system at specified intervals, which were programmed into the WISP, provided an automated rate study by eliminating the need to extract the buffered solutions with a suitable solvent, concentrate the sample U W ----0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15 c TIME, MINUTES Figure 5. Chromatograms demonstrating the dissipation of nifluridide and the formation of EL-919 at pH 9.0 (A) nifluridide standard, 0.8 pg; (B) EL-919 standard, 0.8 pg; (C) reaction solution at 2 h (45.8% nifluridide, 49.1% EL-919); (D) reaction solution a t 10 h (2.9% nifluridide, 105.7% EL-919).extract, and redissolve the residue in a suitable solvent for injection into the HPLC. It is probable that this direct injection technique could also be applied to many other compounds of environmental interest that are highly labile in aqueous solution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinvestigation of the alkaloids of Lupinus sericeus Pursh. Identification of a new natural product, 10,17-dioxo-.beta.-isosparteine

Ic¹,

Mf²,

Kinghorn³

1982

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…It has been found that the organoleptic perception of many of the secondary metabolites present in the chemical package of this and other groups of plants may be one of the main intercultural clues for the medicinal and/or edible distinction and evaluation of the plants (e.g., [ 20 , 89 – 91 ]). Compounds such as alkaloids, isoflavones, coumarins, saponins, and tannins are some of the antinutrients perceived as bitter-tasting which are present in many Fabaceae genera, such as Astragalus , Lupinus, and Melilotus, and these may orient their consumption towards medicinal use [ 92 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Usefulness of Edible and Medicinal Fabaceae in Argentine and Chilean Patagonia: Environmental Availability and Other Sources of Supply

Molares

Ladio

2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Fabaceae is of great ethnobotanical importance in indigenous and urban communities throughout the world. This work presents a revision of the use of Fabaceae as a food and/or medicinal resource in Argentine-Chilean Patagonia. It is based on a bibliographical analysis of 27 ethnobotanical sources and catalogues of regional flora. Approximately 234 wild species grow in Patagonia, mainly (60%) in arid environments, whilst the remainder belong to Sub-Antarctic forest. It was found that 12.8% (30 species), mainly woody, conspicuous plants, are collected for food or medicines. Most of the species used grow in arid environments. Cultivation and purchase/barter enrich the Fabaceae offer, bringing it up to a total of 63 species. The richness of native and exotic species, and the existence of multiple strategies for obtaining these plants, indicates hybridization of knowledge and practices. Only 22% of the total species used are mentioned in bothcontexts of food and medicine, reflecting low-use complementation. This study suggests a significant ecological appearance and a high level of availability in shops and exchange networks in Patagonia, highlighting the need to consider the full set of environmental and socioeconomic factors in research related to the use and cultural importance of plants in regional contexts.

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“…The toxic and antinutrient compounds synthesized by legumes and other forages can be categorized as alkaloids, amino acids, cyanogens, isoflavone and coumestran estrogenic principles, nitro compounds, protease inhibitors, phytohemagglutenins, saponins, selenium compounds, and tannins (Smolenski et al, 1981). Genetic variation has been found in forage species for many of the anti-quality compounds and breeders have been successful in developing cultivars with low levels of the anti-quality compounds.…”

Section: Anti-quality Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Plants via Genetics and Plant Breeding

Vogel

Sleper

2015

Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization

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Plant breeding is man-directed evolution. Plant breeders manipulate the genetic resources of a species, i.e., its germplasm, to produce plants that are of increased value to humanity. The same analogy applies to animal improvement programs. All of our major food crops and all of our domestic animals and their respective breeds, strains, or cultivars were developed by this process. Although humans have successfully manipulated the genetic resources of plants and animals for several thousand years, the science of genetics and breeding was not developed until this century. Breeding work on most forage crops did not began until the 1930's and initial work was focused on developing strains that had good establishment capability, persistence, high forage yields, and had good insect and disease resistance. These are essential attributes of forages (Burton, 1986). This initial breeding work resulted in the development of grasses such as 'Coastal' bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.), 'Lincoln' bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and 'Kentucky 31' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Limited animal evaluation was involved in the development of these cultivars. Breeding for improved forage quality was not an important research objective of most forage programs until the last 25 yr. Kneebone (1960) published a review of grass breeding and did not discuss breeding for improved forage quality. However, some earlier reviews on grass breeding including the extensive review of Hanson and Carnahan (1956) included minor sections on breeding for improved forage quality. It was not until the pioneering research of Dr. Glenn Burton and his associates at Tifton, GA demonstrated the economic value of improved digestibility in bermudagrass that breeding for forage quality became a major research objective of some grass breeding programs (Burton, 1972a; Chapman et aI., 1972).

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Toxic constituents of legume forage plants

Cited by 21 publications

References 161 publications

Reinvestigation of the alkaloids of Lupinus sericeus Pursh. Identification of a new natural product, 10,17-dioxo-.beta.-isosparteine

Reinvestigation of the alkaloids of Lupinus sericeus Pursh. Identification of a new natural product, 10,17-dioxo-.beta.-isosparteine

The Usefulness of Edible and Medicinal Fabaceae in Argentine and Chilean Patagonia: Environmental Availability and Other Sources of Supply

Alteration of Plants via Genetics and Plant Breeding

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