Toxic Blood Hydrogen Cyanide Concentration as a Vital Sign of a Deceased Room Fire Victim—Case Report

Tabian, Daniel; Drochioiu, Gabi; Damian, Simona Irina; Gîrlescu, Nona; Gradinaru, Oana Toma; Toma, Sebastian; Iliescu, Diana Bulgaru

doi:10.3390/toxics9020036

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Combustion is a comprehensive concept and is defined as a physico-chemical phenomenon during which the polymer is thermally destructed, gaseous mixture ignited, flames propagated, heat and radiation emitted, toxic gaseous substances released, and self-extinguished [42,43]. Statistical data and studies on fires indicate that in recent years the vast majority (60-80%) of fatalities are caused by inhalation of toxic products of thermal decomposition and combustion [44]. The source of these substances is burning upholstery, flooring, and bedding materials.…”

Section: General Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clays as Inhibitors of Polyurethane Foams’ Flammability

Hejna

2021

Materials

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Polyurethanes are a very important group of polymers with an extensive range of applications in different branches of industry. In the form of foams, they are mainly used in bedding, furniture, building, construction, and automotive sectors. Due to human safety reasons, these applications require an appropriate level of flame retardance, often required by various law regulations. Nevertheless, without the proper modifications, polyurethane foams are easily ignitable, highly flammable, and generate an enormous amount of smoke during combustion. Therefore, proper modifications or additives should be introduced to reduce their flammability. Except for the most popular phosphorus-, halogen-, or nitrogen-containing flame retardants, promising results were noted for the application of clays. Due to their small particle size and flake-like shape, they induce a “labyrinth effect” inside the foam, resulting in the delay of decomposition onset, reduction of smoke generation, and inhibition of heat, gas, and mass transfer. Moreover, clays can be easily modified with different organic compounds or used along with conventional flame retardants. Such an approach may often result in the synergy effect, which provides the exceptional reduction of foams’ flammability. This paper summarizes the literature reports related to the applications of clays in the reduction of polyurethane foams’ flammability, either by their incorporation as a nanofiller or by preparation of coatings.

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Section: General Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clays as Inhibitors of Polyurethane Foams’ Flammability

Hejna

2021

Materials

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“…This paper tries to evaluate the trends related to people diagnosed with acute intoxication (Tabian et al 2021) code (F10.0) and harmful use code (F10.1) (American Psychiatric Association. 2013) hospitalized at the 'Elisabeta Doamna' Psychiatriy Hospital in Galati, during the COVID-19 pandemic in the period between the 15 th of March 2020 and the 15 th of March 2021.…”

Section: Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Ethanolic Intoxications between the 15th of March 2020 to the 15th of March 2021 in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Terpan

Ciubară

2021

BRAIN

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In Romania, the consumption of alcoholic beverages has been and still is a cultural mechanism for socializing and reducing anxiety, regardless of age and gender. This paper evaluates the trends related to people diagnosed with acute intoxication (F10.0) and harmful use (F10.1) at the 'Elisabeta Doamna' Psychiatriy Hospital in Galati, during the pandemic, in the period between the 15th of March 2020 and the 15th of March 2021. We analysed the data base of discharges from the 'Elisabeta Doamna' Psychiatry Hospital from the 15th of March 2020 to the 15th of March 2021. ICD-10 (Classification of mental and behavioural disorders) was used for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. We selected outpatients with the codes for acute intoxication (F10.0) and harmful use (F10.1) and excluded all patients with other psychiatric diagnoses. The data were statistically processed using: Microsoft Office-Excel, The jamovi project (2021) jamovi (Version 1.6) [Computer Software]. During the analysed period, there were 7614 discharges from the 'Elisabeta Doamna' Psychiatriy Hospital of which 1465 (20.08%) disorders were related to alcohol consumption. Disorders related to intoxication and alcohol use represent 13.14% (957 cases) of the total discharges and 65.46% of the total number of disorders related to alcohol. Disorders related to harmful use (F10.1) represent 30.31% (442 cases), and a percentage of 35.15% (515 cases) with disorders due to acute intoxication (F10.0) out of the total cases were related to alcohol consumption. From the view of the dispersion of the number of cases, there is a fluctuation in the tendency to follow the restrictions imposed by the authorities.

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“…Several methods have been published for the identification of cyanide or thiocyanide (metabolites) in different biological matrices including urine [ 12 ], breast milk [ 13 ], blood [ 14 ], saliva [ 15 ], and meconium [ 16 ]. Most of the recent literature describes determination of cyanide in whole blood samples collected during an autopsy in cases of suspected intoxication with cyanide or suicide [ 17 , 18 ]. Due to its ability to provide information over the course of the entire pregnancy, meconium has been receiving increasing attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection for Determining Cyanide in Urine and Meconium Samples

et al. 2021

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The parents’ addictions and eating habits have a significant influence on the child’s growth. The first stool of a newborn baby provides a large amount of information about xenobiotics transmitted by the mother’s body. The analytical technique used in the study is ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (IC-PAD). The biological samples, which were obtained from women staying in a maternity ward and their partners, revealed cyanide concentrations in urine samples spanning 1.30–25.3 μg L−1. Meanwhile, the results of the meconium samples were in the range of 1.54 μg L−1 to 24.9 μg L−1. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, the IC-PAD system exhibited satisfactory repeatability (R < 3%, n = 3) and good linearity in the range of 1–100 μg L−1. Thus, it proved to be an effective tool for monitoring trace cyanide concentration in a series of human body fluid matrices, including meconium. Based on the literature review, this is the first application of the IC-PAD analytical technique for the determination of cyanide ions in meconium samples.

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Toxic Blood Hydrogen Cyanide Concentration as a Vital Sign of a Deceased Room Fire Victim—Case Report

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Clays as Inhibitors of Polyurethane Foams’ Flammability

Clays as Inhibitors of Polyurethane Foams’ Flammability

Dynamics of Ethanolic Intoxications between the 15th of March 2020 to the 15th of March 2021 in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Ion Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection for Determining Cyanide in Urine and Meconium Samples

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