Toxic Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech and de Mendiola) Balech and Tangen in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island (USA)

Borkman, David G.; Smayda, Theodore J.; Tomas, Carmelo R.; York, R.A.; Strangman, Wendy K.; Wright, Jeffrey L. C.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2012.06.004

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Interestingly, within Alexandrium ostenfeldii Group 1, toxin profiles of the isolates from The Netherlands are most comparable to two isolates from North America, which are the only representatives which also produce PSP toxins, SPX, and gymnodimines (Van Wagoner et al, 2011;Borkman et al, 2012;Tomas et al, 2012). The Dutch isolates, however, differ in their gymnodimine composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…A. ostenfeldii is historically seen as background bloomer (Cembella et al, 2000;John et al, 2003), however, dense A. ostenfeldii blooms have been reported recently in the Narragansett Bay and the New River Estuary in the U.S. east coast (Borkman et al, 2012;Tomas et al, 2012), the Baltic Sea coast of Finland (Hakanen et al, 2012), along the Adriatic coast of Italy (Ciminiello et al, 2006), and recently in a creek of the Oosterschelde estuary in the Southwest of The Netherlands (Burson et al, 2014). This Oosterschelde estuary is a shallow, macrotidal and mesotrophic estuary with large stocks of mussels, oysters, and cockles ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alexandrium is among the most common bloom forming toxic dinoflagellate genera and is generally held responsible for the outbreak of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP; Anderson et al, 2012). Besides PSP toxins, some Alexandrium species are known to produce other toxins including different spirolides (SPX) or gymnodimines (Cembella, 2003;Van Wagoner et al, 2011;Borkman et al, 2012;Kremp et al, 2014). These species belong to different phylogenetic groups of Alexandrium ostenfeldii as recently defined by Kremp et al (2014), including Alexandrium peruvianum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These species belong to different phylogenetic groups of Alexandrium ostenfeldii as recently defined by Kremp et al (2014), including Alexandrium peruvianum. Most A. ostenfeldii strains have been shown to produce SPX, some strains also produce detectable amounts of PSP toxins, while only a few strains were reported to combine PSP toxin, SPX and 12-methylgymnodimine production (Cembella, 2003;Borkman et al, 2012;Kremp et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of multiple isolates from an Alexandrium ostenfeldii bloom in The Netherlands

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of multiple isolates from an Alexandrium ostenfeldii bloom in The Netherlands

et al. 2015

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“…The dinoflagellates Alexandrium ostenfeldii and Alexandrium peruvianum are the main producers of SPx, some strains of A. ostenfeldii also can produce saxitoxins -Stx (Cembella, 1998;Gribble et al, 2005;Kremp et al, 2009;MacKenzie et al, 1996), while A. peruvianum produces not only SPx (Borkman et al, 2012;tomas et al, 2012;touzet et al, 2008, 2011 but also 12-methyl gymnodimine, Stx and gonyautoxins Van Wagoner et al, 2011). SPxs were found in the early 1990s in Canada (Hu et al, 1995).…”

Section: Cyclic Imine Poisoning (Cip) Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A roadmap for hazard monitoring and risk assessment of marine biotoxins on the basis of chemical and biological test systems

Daneshian

2013

ALTEX

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Summary Aquatic food accounts for over 40% of global animal food products, and the potential contamination with toxins of algal origin -marine biotoxins -poses a health threat for consumers. The gold standards to assess toxins in aquatic food have traditionally been in vivo methodssingle marine biotoxins or combinations of marine biotoxins and intoxication symptomatology as well as monitoring the "success" of controls implemented during fishery and aquaculture production, processing, and retailing. For this reason, a workshop was organized in ermatingen, Switzerland by the Center for Alternatives to Animal testing -europe (CAAteurope) within the framework of the transatlantic think tank for toxicology (t 4 ).In contrast to other food products where hygiene and potential contamination with microbes or mold toxins is the prime issue, the emphasis in aquatic products (shellfish and finfish) is, beyond viral and bacterial contaminations, primarily placed on potential contamination with marine biotoxins owing to the numerous and recurring human intoxications.The gold standards to assess toxins in aquatic food have traditionally been in vivo methods, i.e., the mouse and the rat bioassays. Besides the ethical issues of in vivo bioassays there are specific difficulties, e.g., different exposure route (i.p. versus oral), low inter-species comparability, high intra-species variability, and questionable extrapolation of quantitative risk to humans, thus highlighting the need for the development of more reliable detection and quantification methods. Based on this reasoning, the european Food Safety Authority (eFSA) advocates the use of an analytical method, i.e., LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography coupled Mass Spectrometry), as a substitute for in vivo bioassays for almost all classes of marine toxins. However, although lC-MS is a very sensitive method that has the advantages of being able to detect multiple toxins in a single analysis and being good for confirming the identity of toxins, the quality of quantitative analysis is dependent on the availability of calibration standards. While many new toxin structural analogues have been detected and identified using LC-MS, this technique -as with most other methods -is not good at detecting new toxin types. When new toxin analogues are detected but accurate standards are not yet available, only an approximate quantitation is possible using estimated response factors.For the purpose of risk assessment of food, however, it is imperative to focus on the possible adverse effects, independent of whether they stem from one toxin or a combination of toxins. As toxicity is defined by functional and structural changes of biological systems, the development of a human-relevant in vitro system for appropriate risk assessment of marine biotoxins in seafood stands to reason. Moreover, poor correlation of human intoxications, of acute symptomatology and long-term adverse effects, and of predictive in vitro, in vivo, and analytical detection methodologies of marine biotoxins stems not least from a...

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Cembella

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Gobler

et al. 2018

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Toxic Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech and de Mendiola) Balech and Tangen in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island (USA)

Cited by 42 publications

References 49 publications

Characterization of multiple isolates from an Alexandrium ostenfeldii bloom in The Netherlands

Characterization of multiple isolates from an Alexandrium ostenfeldii bloom in The Netherlands

A roadmap for hazard monitoring and risk assessment of marine biotoxins on the basis of chemical and biological test systems

Harmful Algal Species Fact Sheets

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