Toxaphene residues from cotton fields in soils and in the coastal environment of Nicaragua

Carvalho, Fernando P.; Montenegro-Guillén, Salvador; Jp, Villeneuve; Cattini, Chantal; Tolosa, Imma; Bartocci, Jean; Lacayo-Romero, Martha; A, Cruz-Granja

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00451-x

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…; Carvalho et al. ,b, ). In the aquatic environment, OPs were expected to degrade rapidly, but experimental research has shown that they persist days/weeks and are accumulated by crustacean and fish (Carvalho et al.…”

Section: Environmental Fate and Effects Of Pesticide Residuesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…At local scale, chemicals applied on crops, as for example toxaphene applied in cotton crops in Nicaragua, remained in soils year after year and were carried by surface runoff to watersheds and coastal lagoons where residues contaminated aquatic biota (Carvalho et al. , ). DDT applied to crops was often reported also to be transported to the aquatic environment where it is rapidly metabolized to DDE and bio‐accumulated in aquatic food chains being returned eventually to humans (Kale et al.…”

Section: Environmental Fate and Effects Of Pesticide Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, toxaphene in cotton fields is not used anymore in Nicaragua but many years after cessation of applications, the deposit in agriculture soils was still a source of contaminants transported by surface runoff to aquatic environment and a threat to shrimp farming in coastal lagoons (Carvalho et al. ,b, ).…”

Section: Residues In Soils and In Aquatic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all these coastal areas, the residues of a large collection of crop protection chemicals, such as DDTs, HCHs, lindane, aldrin, toxaphene, and endosulfan, were determined (Carvalho et al. ,b, ; Kimbrough et al. ; Moreno‐Gonzalez and Leon ).…”

Section: Residues In Soils and In Aquatic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticides, environment, and food safety

Carvalho

2017

Food and Energy Security

1,282

562

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Agrochemicals have enabled to more than duplicate food production during the last century, and the current need to increase food production to feed a rapid growing human population maintains pressure on the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. However, worldwide surveys have documented the contamination and impact of agrochemical residues in soils, and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems including coastal marine systems, and their toxic effects on humans and nonhuman biota. Although persistent organic chemicals have been phased out and replaced by more biodegradable chemicals, contamination by legacy residues and recent residues still impacts on the quality of human food, water, and environment. Current and future increase in food production must go along with production of food with better quality and with less toxic contaminants. Alternative paths to the intensive use of crop protection chemicals are open, such as genetically engineered organisms, organic farming, change of dietary habits, and development of food technologies. Agro industries need to further develop advanced practices to protect public health, which requires more cautious use of agrochemicals through prior testing, careful risk assessment, and licensing, but also through education of farmers and users in general, measures for better protection of ecosystems, and good practices for sustainable development of agriculture, fisheries, and aquaculture. Enhanced scientific research for new developments in food production and food safety, as well as for environmental protection, is a necessary part of this endeavor. Furthermore, worldwide agreement on good agriculture practices, including development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their release for international agriculture, may be urgent to ensure the success of safe food production. 49

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Section: Environmental Fate and Effects Of Pesticide Residuesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Environmental Fate and Effects Of Pesticide Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Residues In Soils and In Aquatic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Residues In Soils and In Aquatic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticides, environment, and food safety

Carvalho

2017

Food and Energy Security

1,282

562

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“…This is attributed to the relatively large amounts of pesticides applied in the paddy fields, in addition to the common practice of draining the paddy water in irrigation canals that eventually flow into the freshwater system and then into the marine environment (Abdullah et al 1997). In this way, highly valued ecosystems in several tropical areas have been reported to be subject to pesticide contamination and their effects on several environmental components, e.g., lagoons and bays (Nicaragua: Carvalho et al 2002aCarvalho et al , 2003Mexico: Carvalho et al 2002b;Hernández-Romero et al 2004;Florida bay: Scott et al 2002;India: Pandit et al 2006;Sri Lanka: Guruge and Tanabe 2001;Vietnam: Nhan et al 1999) and mangrove forests, seagrass beds and coral reefs (Australia: Bell and Duke 2005;Duke et al 2005). For instance, the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Areas in Australia has been reported to be subject to low but chronic levels of several herbicides Shaw and Müller 2005).…”

Section: Differences Between Temperate and Tropical Agricultural Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of differences between temperate and tropical freshwater ecosystems for the ecological risk assessment of pesticides

2009

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Despite considerable increased pesticide use over the past decades, little research has been done into their fate and effects in surface waters in tropical regions. In the present review, possible differences in response between temperate and tropical freshwaters to pesticide stress are discussed. Three underlying mechanisms for these differences are distinguished: (1) climate related parameters, (2) ecosystem sensitivity, and (3) agricultural practices. Pesticide dissipation rates and vulnerability of freshwaters appear not to be consistently higher or lower in tropical regions compared to their temperate counterparts. However, differences in fate and effects may occur for individual pesticides and taxa. Furthermore, intensive agricultural practices in tropical countries lead to a higher input of pesticides and spread of contamination over watersheds. Field studies in tropical farms on pesticide fate in the enclosed and surrounding waterways are recommended, which should ultimately lead to the development of surface water scenarios for tropical countries like developed by the Forum for the co-ordination of pesticide fate models and their use for temperate regions. Future tropical effect assessment studies should evaluate whether specific tropical taxa, not represented by the current standard test species in use, are at risk. If so, tropical model ecosystem studies evaluating pesticide concentration ranges need to be conducted to validate whether selected surrogate indigenous test species are representative for local tropical freshwater ecosystems.

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Bioaccumulation of Pesticides and Its Impact on Biological Systems

Gupta

2020

Pesticides in Crop Production

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Toxaphene residues from cotton fields in soils and in the coastal environment of Nicaragua

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Pesticides, environment, and food safety

Pesticides, environment, and food safety

Implications of differences between temperate and tropical freshwater ecosystems for the ecological risk assessment of pesticides

Bioaccumulation of Pesticides and Its Impact on Biological Systems

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