Toxaphene and Other Organochlorines in Arctic Ocean Fauna: Evidence for Atmospheric Delivery

Bidleman, Terry F.; Patton, Gregory W.; Walla, Michael D.; Hargrave, B. T.; Vass, W. P.; Erickson, P. E.; Fowler, Brian R.; Scott, Veronica J.; Gregor, D.J.

doi:10.14430/arctic1671

Cited by 171 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Wania and Mackay (1993) reported the high level distribution of POPs in the Polar Regions. Few researchers observed high concentration of some particular organochlorines in plankton (Bidleman et al, 1989), wild animals Norstrom et al, 1988), seawater (Hargrave et al, 1988) and rainfall (Gregor & Gummer, 1989).…”

Section: Evidence For Long-range Transport Of Popsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Environmental and Human Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants

Jacob¹,

Cherian²

2013

ASS

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Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have a very long life and they persist in the environment for a very long time and have a long life in soils, sediments, air or biota. There has been a recent upsurge of interest in the development of low cost reliable measures which are required in order to detect and trace current concentration levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) as a result of increasing levels of accumulation within the living organism, transformation as well as toxicity making it ideal to examine the impact on the environment which has been the focus of this review. There are still debates that rage around the issue including relevance of some physio pathologic effects of POPs on the human body along with epidemiological and clinical effects on the human population. Hence in this review there is examination, debating and presenting of arguments in relation to the sources, properties and types of POPs in the atmosphere along with examining the toxicity, analytical techniques and monitoring of atmospheric and biological concentration of POPs in the human population.

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Section: Evidence For Long-range Transport Of Popsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Environmental and Human Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants

Jacob¹,

Cherian²

2013

ASS

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“…Three major pollutant groups are of growing concern:  acidifying gases (SO x ) from Eurasian smelters and industry [4],  heavy metals from fossil fuel combustion and mining [5], and  persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including pesticides used in agriculture and polychlorinated biphenyls leached from electronic transformers [6]. Long-range transport of atmospheric pollution has led to bioaccumulation of these compounds by plankton [7]. Some contaminants biomagnify through the marine food chain to levels in top predators, including humans, which may have adverse physiological effects [8,9].…”

Section: Global Transport Of Anthropogenic Contaminants To Polar Regimentioning

confidence: 99%

Springtime accumulation of atmospheric mercury in polar ecosystems

Ebinghaus¹,

Temme²,

Lindberg

et al. 2004

J. Phys. IV France

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Abstract. Mercury and many of its compounds behave exceptionally in the environment due to their volatility, capability for methylation, and subsequent biomagnification in contrast with most of the other heavy metals. Long-range atmospheric transport of elemental mercury, its transformation to more toxic methylmercury compounds, the ability to undergo photochemical reactions and their bioaccumulation in the aquatic food chain have made it a subject of global research activities. Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Events (AMDEs) during polar springtime have been experimentally observed in the Arctic and in the Antarctic. During these events Hg 0 and ozone concentrations are significantly depleted and well correlated, whereas concentrations of reactive gaseous mercury species (RGM) simultaneously increase. The main reaction mechanism and corresponding chemical and physical properties of involved species in polar regions are summarized in this work. Hg 0 is removed from the atmosphere and deposited onto the underlying surface snow. This paper focused on the fast, photochemically driven, oxidation of boundary-layer Hg 0 , the influence of reactive halogen chemistry, and the resultant net input of mercury into the polar ecosystem during and after polar springtime. Several estimates of the size of the Arctic sink for newly deposited Hg range from ≈ 100 -300 T/y, while estimates of the Antarctic sink are far more uncertain. The role of re-emission of elemental mercury from the snow surface is critically discussed.

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“…With this method the maximum number of digits is 4. The code is preceded by a character to indicate whether the compound is a bornane (B), camphene (C), bornadiene (D), or bornene (E), and a number denoting the degree of chlorination (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). For example, the enantiomers in Figure 2 are coded B7-515 and are distinguished by "a"-or "b"-, but b-coded enantiomers correspond to incorrect structural names (71) if IUPAC rules are applied.…”

Section: Nomencature Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Musial and Uthe (84) found that levels of CHBs in Arctic cod liver were about 2-fold lower than those in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Bidleman et al (2) reported levels of toxaphene to be equivalent to those of PCBs in zooplankton and in amphipodes collected from an ice island in the Arctic Ocean. Other organochlorines had lower concentrations.…”

Section: Enantiomersmentioning

confidence: 99%