Tower Gravity Experiment: Evidence for Non-Newtonian Gravity

Abstract

We tested Newton's inverse-square law of gravitation by comparing gravity measured on a 600-m tower with gravity calculated from ground measurements. A significant departure from the law was detected, approaching (-500 ±35)xlO~^ms~^at the top of the tower and suggestive of a rapidly attenuating non-Newtonian attractive force. These results are marginally consistent with a one-term Yukawa-type attractive force, but they are fully consistent with two Yukawa-type forces, attractive and repulsive, and then also with Airy and Cavendish experiments.

… and Fall

“…They found an attractive force, with a strength between 2.4 % and 3.5 % of Newtonian gravity and a range between 225 m and 5.4 km. They argued that this result was consistent with that of Eckhardt et al (1987b), although it was inconsistent with Stacey's measurements.…”

“…54 All of these results were eventually published in journals. In the case of Eckhardt et al (1987b), Stubbs et al (1989b), and Thomas and Vogel (1990) there were no significant changes. For Bizzeti et al (1989b) considerably more data was included although their general conclusion did not change.…”

“…They admitted that the question of whether or not the theoretical models properly accounted for local terrain was still open, and could be answered only by the experimenters themselves. They did, however, present a calculation arguing that 60-65 % of the tower residuals of Eckhardt et al (1987b) could be explained by local terrain. A later result (1990) argued that three quarters of the anomaly could be attributed to local terrain, leaving only a small amount for terrain effects, systematic measurement error, or a Fifth Force (Fig.…”

Newtonian Limit of String-Dilaton Gravity

“…There have been several attempts to constrain r k and α k (and then m k ) by experiments on scales in the range 1 cm < r < 1000 km, using totally different techniques [17], [18], [19]. The expected masses for particles which should carry the additional gravitational force are in the range 10 −13 eV < m k < 10 −5 eV.…”

Effects of non-Newtonian gravity on the properties of strange stars

“…In order to have a better understanding of nonNewtonian gravity, many investigations have been dedicated to study its possible existence and properties (Eckhardt et al 1988;Kamyshkov et al 2008;Gudkov et al 2011;Boynton et al 2014) and constrain its strength parameter from experimental researches (Geraci et al 2008;Lucchesi & Peron 2010;Biedermann et al 2015). In addition, this issue has attracted a great deal of attention in a nuclear physics context, for instance, it has strong effects on finite nuclei (Xu et al 2013), dark matter (Schmidt 1990), nuclear matter (Wen et al 2009;Zhang et al 2011), and neutron star processes (Sulaksono et al 2011;Wen & Zhou 2013).…”