Towards Watt-scale hydroelectric energy harvesting by Ti3C2Tx-based transpiration-driven electrokinetic power generators

Bae, Jaehyeong; Kim, Min Soo; Oh, Taegon; Suh, Bong Lim; Yun, Tae Gwang; Lee, Seungjun; Hur, Kahyun; Gogotsi, Yury; Koo, Chong Min; Kim, Il‐Doo

doi:10.1039/d1ee00859e

Cited by 87 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Many theoretical models have been proposed to explain electric generation by using various water motions, such as water dragging model, [44] water-infiltration model, [45] water-evaporation model, [46,47] and gradient ion diffusion model. As for the MEGs, herein, moisture absorption enabled proton dissociation and transport have been proposed to account for the power generation of MEGs in previous works.…”

Section: Working Mechanism Of Ihmegmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Hydrogel for Efficient and Scalable Moisture‐Electric Generation

et al. 2022

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The progress of spontaneous energy generation from ubiquitous moisture is hindered the low output current and intermittent operating voltage of the moisture‐electric generators. Herein a novel and efficient ionic hydrogel moisture‐electric generator (IHMEG) is developed by rational combination of poly(vinyl alcohol), phytic acid, and glycerol‐water binary solvent. Thanks to the synergistic effect of notable moisture‐absorption capability and fast ion transport capability in the ionic hydrogel network, a single IHMEG unit of 0.25 cm2 can continuously generate direct‐current electricity with a constant open‐circuit voltage of ≈0.8 V for over 1000 h, a high short‐current density of 0.24 mA cm−2, and power density of up to 35 µW cm−2. Of great importance is that large‐scale integration of IHMEG units can be readily accomplished to offer a device with voltage up to 210 V, capable of directly driving numerous commercial electronics, including electronic ink screen, metal electrodeposition setup, and light‐emitting‐diode arrays. Such prominent performance is mainly attributed to the enhanced moisture‐liberated proton diffusion proved by experimental observation and theoretical analysis. The ionic hydrogel with high cost‐efficiency, easy‐to‐scaleup fabrication, and high power‐output opens a brand‐new perspective to develop a green, versatile, and efficient power source for Internet‐of‐Things and wearable electronics.

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Section: Working Mechanism Of Ihmegmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Hydrogel for Efficient and Scalable Moisture‐Electric Generation

et al. 2022

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“…The findings also suggest that, further improvement would require enhanced conductivity in both the base carbon layer and the hygroscopic hydrogel. [ 41 ] In addition, the surface morphology of the substrate material for AHS significantly impacts its conductivity at a given carbon loading (Figure S23, Supporting Information). Thus, creating as many wet‐dry contact interfaces as possible within a given carbon area should maximize output.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Asymmetric Hygroscopic Structure for Moisture‐Driven Hygro‐Ionic Electricity Generation and Storage

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2022

Advanced Materials

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The interactions between moisture and materials give rise to the possibility of moisture‐driven energy generation (MEG). Current MEG materials and devices only establish this interaction during water sorption in specific configurations, and conversion is eventually ceased by saturated water uptake. This paper reports an asymmetric hygroscopic structure (AHS) that simultaneously achieves energy harvesting and storage from moisture absorption. The AHS is constructed by the asymmetric deposition of a hygroscopic ionic hydrogel over a layer of functionalized carbon. Water absorbed from the air creates wet‐dry asymmetry across the AHS and hence an in‐plane electric field. The asymmetry can be perpetually maintained even after saturated water absorption. The absorbed water triggers the spontaneous development of an electrical double layer (EDL) over the carbon surface, which is termed a hygro‐ionic process, accounting for the capacitive properties of the AHS. A peak power density of 70 µW cm‐3 was realized after geometry optimization. The AHS shows the ability to be recharged either by itself owing to a self‐regeneration effect or via external electrical means, which allows it to serve as an energy storage device. In addition to insights into moisture‐material interaction, AHSs further shows potential for electronics powering in assembled devices.

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“…The reason is that these filaments at a low content of CNTs are electrically insulating before and after dropping (Figure S13, Supporting Information) and there is no formation of ionic pathways and the continuous electrical network, causing significant difficulties in ions migration. [ 35,37 ] In addition, it is found that the final stable output voltage increases from 30 to 40 wt%, while the output voltage decreases as the CNT content increases from 40 to 50 wt%. The explanation may be that the agglomeration of CNTs occurs as the content of CNTs exceeds 40 wt%, leading to the decrease in the effective contact area between CNTs and water molecules.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knittable Composite Fiber Allows Constant and Tremendous Self‐Powering Based on the Transpiration‐Driven Electrokinetic Effect

Chen

Li²,

Zhang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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The electrokinetic effect allows harvesting renewable energy directly from moisture, sweat, and rainwater, which is one of the promising techniques for self-powered electronics. However, current fibrous hygroelectric nanogenerators still suffer from either an intermittent energy harvesting mode or a limited electricity supply. Herein, learning from the transpiration process in plants, a conductive and hydrophilic cellulose/carbon nanotubes fiber is reported, in which continuous and efficient water flow can be driven by the macromolecular chain channel and spontaneous evaporation. In combination with the electrokinetic mechanism, just a single self-powered fiber is found to produce a constant and tremendous open-circuit voltage of 160.4 mV and a considerable power density up to 0.4 mW cm −3 . This record-high output performance with the feature of continuity and durability is about one order of magnitude higher than that of most conventional fibrous hygroelectric nanogenerators. Eventually, 108 fibers in series or parallel are woven into flexible fabrics, yielding the maximum power supply of 1.2 V with only 10 min charging time, capable of powering an electronic calculator. This work fabricates a knittable and designable self-powering fiber with excellent aesthetics and comfort for practical application, offering a novel concept and an effective approach toward clean energy usage.

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Towards Watt-scale hydroelectric energy harvesting by Ti₃C₂T_x-based transpiration-driven electrokinetic power generators

Abstract: Nano-hydroelectric technology utilizes hydraulic flow through electronically conducting nanomaterials to generate electricity in a simple, renewable, ubiquitous, and environmentally friendly manner. Up to date, several designs of nano-hydroelectric devices have...

Cited by 87 publications

References 81 publications

Ionic Hydrogel for Efficient and Scalable Moisture‐Electric Generation

Ionic Hydrogel for Efficient and Scalable Moisture‐Electric Generation

An Asymmetric Hygroscopic Structure for Moisture‐Driven Hygro‐Ionic Electricity Generation and Storage

Knittable Composite Fiber Allows Constant and Tremendous Self‐Powering Based on the Transpiration‐Driven Electrokinetic Effect

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