“…The distributions that we use for benchmarking throughout this section are NPD (normal probability distribution), UPD (uniform probability distribution), and NDCS (normally distributed coalition structures, drawing inspiration from [152]). These generate some of the most difficult known problems for the state-of-the-art UCA solvers (see e.g., our papers [143,144] for more examples). Variations of them have also been used extensively to benchmark various approaches for solving a number of different problems related to UCA in operations research, algorithmic game theory, and multi-agent systems, including coalition formation and combinatorial auctions [121,146,144,142,152,153,171,218].…”