Reinforced concrete is a widely used building material in construction. However, under specific corrosive conditions, reinforced concrete structures are prone to corrosion, leading to a gradual decrease in durability and eventual destruction. This review first discusses the causes and mechanisms of degradation of reinforced concrete, and then various factors causing concrete degradation are analyzed in terms of environmental, material, and design factors. Subsequently, it explores various detection methods and technical means to accurately monitor and assess concrete degradation. Furthermore, it discusses protective measures, such as coatings, corrosion inhibitors, and surface treatments, that have been developed. This study provides an overview of the field’s findings by referencing previous research. Finally, the review provides an outlook on the future development of corrosion detection and control technology for reinforced concrete. With the rapid development of material science, computer technology, and other fields, new corrosion control technology will continue to make breakthroughs and progress.